State v. Green

• Decision Date: 11 April 1983
• Docket Number: No. 593,593
• Citation: 458 A.2d 487,54 Md.App. 260
• Parties: STATE of Maryland v. Glenn William GREEN.
• Court: Court of Special Appeals of Maryland

Page 260

54 Md.App. 260

458 A.2d 487

STATE of Maryland v. Glenn William GREEN.

No. 593.

Court of Special Appeals of Maryland.

April 11, 1983.

Carmina Szunyog, Asst. Atty. Gen., with whom were Stephen H. Sachs, Atty. Gen., Maureen O'Ferrall Gardner, Asst. Atty. Gen., William A. Swisher, State's Atty. for Baltimore City and H. Gary Bass, Asst. State's Atty. for Baltimore City on brief, for appellant.

Gary Christopher, Asst. Public Defender, with whom was Alan H. Murrell, Public Defender of Maryland on brief, for appellee.

Argued before MASON, GARRITY and ALPERT, JJ.

ALPERT, Judge.

On January 18, 1982, the designated administrative judge for the Criminal Court of Baltimore found good cause to postpone, pursuant to Maryland Rule 746, the murder trial of the appellee beyond the 180 day period in which, absent good cause, a case must be brought to trial. On May 24, 1982, the trial judge effectively overruled the "good cause" determination of the designated administrative judge and granted the appellee's motion to dismiss. Because we hold that the trial judge applied an incorrect standard of review to the findings of the administrative judge, we shall reverse and order that appellee be tried.

By an indictment filed July 13, 1981 in the Criminal Court of Baltimore, Glenn William Green, ¹ the appellee, was charged with the murder of Raymond Duncan. The Public Defender's Office entered its appearance on behalf of the appellee on August 3, 1981 and a trial date was scheduled for October 26, 1981. On October 26, 1981 the acting administrative judge granted a postponement due to an overload of cases on the "move list." A trial was scheduled for January 18, 1982, well within the 180 days required under Maryland Rule 746. ²

On January 10, 1982, just over a week before the scheduled trial, a law clerk from the Public Defender's Office contacted the Assistant State's Attorney assigned to the case. She informed him that the appellee would consider accepting a guilty plea in the instant case upon the following two conditions: (1) he did not want to testify against anyone: and (2) he did not want to have to admit to the murder. The Assistant State's Attorney acquiesced and indicated that he would proceed on the guilty plea. He then contacted the witnesses summoned for the January 18, 1982 trial and informed them that there was no necessity for their appearance at trial.

On January 18, 1982, in open court, appellee stated that he did not want to plead guilty; that he wanted a jury trial and "wanted it today." The designated administrative judge found good cause to postpone the case. ³ It was rescheduled for May 20, 1982. It is that finding which gave rise to the instant appeal, for on May 24, 1982, when the case came up for trial ⁴ the trial judge granted the appellee's motion to dismiss pursuant to Maryland Rule 746, rejecting the designated administrative judge's finding of good cause for the January 18, 1982 postponement. On June 2, 1982 the State filed a timely appeal to this Court and urges us to hold that the trial court erred in granting appellee's motion to dismiss.

Maryland Rule 746 provides:

a. General Provision.

Within 30 days after the earlier of the appearance of counsel or the first appearance of the defendant before the court pursuant to Rule 723, a trial date shall be set which shall be not later than 180 days after the appearance or waiver of counsel or after the appearance of defendant before the court pursuant to Rule 723.

b. Change of Trial Date.

Upon motion of a party made in writing or in open court and for good cause shown, the county administrative judge or a judge designated by him may grant a change of trial date.

In granting defendant's motion to dismiss, the trial judge in effect undertook a de novo review of the designated administrative judge's finding of good cause to postpone the January 18, 1982 trial date. He heard testimony from the appellee, Vicki Owen (the law clerk from the Public Defender's Office), Gary Bass (Assistant State's Attorney), and Allan Gertner (defense counsel for the co-defendant in this case) and then heard argument from counsel. In granting appellee's motion to dismiss, the trial judge stated:

Now, what happened on the 18th of January, 1982 is very, very confusing. There is the letter that's been put in evidence indicating he said "I may accept a plea." Maybe he was very shrewd, very foxy, put it over on his attorney and the State by using those expressions, I don't know, but prosecutors are supposed to be knowledgeable in these areas as well. In any event, unless he committed himself definitely, he certainly would have a right to change his mind, particularly if he discovered, as he claims he did, that the co-defendant was not going to testify against him. I don't know, but that is the evidence before me and I would so find.

Taking all these factors into consideration, I have heard from Mr. Bass and these other people who testified. It is a very serious case. The mandate of Hicks is clear. There isn't anything in the postponement request, nothing has come before me to indicate why Hicks should not be applied in this case. It may be that somebody didn't know what they were exposed to. Whether it was the Judges, whether it was the State's Attorney, whether it was just one of those things, whatever it might be, it is clear to me that somewhere along the line everybody just wasn't on top of this thing the way they should have been, for whatever reason. I must apply Hicks, and I grant the motion.

Rule 746 implements Md.Ann.Code art. 27 § 591 (1982 Repl.Vol.). Under the rule, the appropriate sanction for failure to bring a case to trial within the 180 days is dismissal of the charges. State v. Hicks, 285 Md. 310, 403 A.2d 356 (1979). The right to stand trial within the prescribed period protected under this rule is separate from the defendant's constitutional speedy trial rights. State v. Lattisaw, 48 Md.App. 20, 27, 425 A.2d 1051 (1981), cert. denied 290 Md. 717 (1981). As such, the balancing process applicable to constitutional speedy trial analysis does not come into play when applying Rule 746 a. See, Farinholt v. State, --- Md.App. ---, 458 A.2d 442 (1983).

One of the purposes of the rule is to give the county administrative judge control over the administration of dockets. Hicks, supra. Under Maryland Rule 746 b, his function is twofold: first, to determine if there is "good cause shown" justifying a change of trial date; and second, to see "that a continuance, even when justified in purpose, is not extended unnecessarily". See, Chance v. State, 45 Md.App. 521, 526, 414 A.2d 535 (1980). As to his first responsibility under Maryland Rule 746, what is "good cause shown" must be decided on a case by case basis. See, Carter v. State, --- Md.App. ---, 458 A.2d 480 (1983). With regard to his second responsibility, proper exercise can only be measured by the Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 92 S.Ct. 2182, 33 L.Ed.2d 101 (1972) speedy trial balancing test where the postponement goes beyond the 180 day period designated in Maryland Rule 746 a. See, Farinholt v. State, supra.

In the instant appeal the trial judge by necessity conducted a de novo hearing to determine the circumstances giving rise to the January 18, 1982 postponement. A de novo hearing was appropriate since there was no stenographic record of the proceedings before the designated administrative judge. ⁵ A de novo determination of "good cause" was improper. Unless there was a clear abuse of discretion, the findings of the designated administrative judge on the question of "good cause" for postponement should not be overturned by the trial judge.

The designated administrative judge had the opportunity to hear arguments before finding that good cause for postponement existed. He was in the best position to determine whether, on that particular date, good cause for postponement in fact existed. The trial judge should not overturn the administrative judge's finding of "good cause" if there is a rational basis upon which the administrative judge could have found the existence of good cause for postponement.

Ordinarily, the authority of a trial judge to reverse the decision of a fellow trial judge is beyond question and will not be disturbed by an appellate court absent an abuse of discretion by the reversing trial judge. See, Driver v. Parke-Davis & Co., 29 Md.App. 354, 363, 348 A.2d 38 (1975). The granting or denial of a continuance in a criminal case is no longer within the sound discretion of the trial court, a statute having been enacted ⁶ to vest the exclusive power to postpone a trial date in the administrative judge or his designee. Guarnera v. State, 20 Md.App. 562, 573, 318 A.2d 243; cert. denied, 272 Md. 742 (1974). Therefore, the Driver principle is clearly inapplicable where the conflict is between the administrative judge and the trial judge and where the issue is the postponement of a criminal case. Consequently, because the statutory authority vests the determination of whether to postpone a trial with the county administrative judge, the trial judge is limited in his power to overrule the administrative judge.

The resolution of what constitutes good cause is a discretionary decision within the power of the administrative judge and carries a presumption of validity. Hughes v. State, 43 Md.App. 698, 707, 407 A.2d 330 (1979), rev'd on other grounds, 288 Md. 216, 421 A.2d 69 (1980). See, Mathias v. State, 284 Md. 22, 28, 394 A.2d 292 (1978), cert. denied 441 U.S. 906, 99 S.Ct. 1996, 60 L.Ed.2d 375.

If a trial judge has boundless discretion to overrule an administrative judge's finding of "good cause" it must logically follow that he could likewise...