State v. Haugen, 1122

• Decision Date: 19 March 1986
• Docket Number: No. 1122,1122
• Citation: 384 N.W.2d 651
• Parties: STATE of North Dakota, Plaintiff and Appellee, v. Craig HAUGEN, Defendant and Appellant. Crim.
• Court: North Dakota Supreme Court

Page 651

384 N.W.2d 651

STATE of North Dakota, Plaintiff and Appellee, v. Craig HAUGEN, Defendant and Appellant.

Crim. No. 1122.

Supreme Court of North Dakota.

March 19, 1986.

Mark A. Flagstad, Asst. State's Atty., Minot, for plaintiff and appellee.

Thomas K. Schoppert, New Town, for defendant and appellant.

VANDE WALLE, Justice.

Craig Haugen appealed from the judgment of conviction for driving while under the influence of alcohol. Haugen argues that he did not make a knowing and intelligent waiver of his right to trial by jury, that he was not informed of his right to compulsory process, and that he was denied his right to effective assistance of counsel. We reverse and remand for a new trial.

On July 16, 1984, Haugen appeared before the county court of Ward County for arraignment on the charge of driving while under the influence of alcohol, second offense. The prosecutor in his affidavit states that he gave an explanation of rights to "the group of persons assembled for court appearance before the entry of the judge into the courtroom." The record does not reveal the entire content of the advice given to the defendants, although the prosecutor has submitted an affidavit that quotes--from an unspecified source--a portion of the advice given to the group:

"If you enter a plea of guilty, you have a right to a trial by jury. The judge will ask you if you want a trial by jury. If you want one you must say so; otherwise, the trial will be to the judge only.

"If you have a trial, you have the right to subpoena witnesses. A subpoena is an order from the judge to anyone who you may want to have as a witness to be here to testify at your trial. A subpoena does not guarantee that the witness will say what you want him to, or anything at all, but does virtually guarantee that the witness will be present."

Upon the arrival of the judge, Haugen approached the bench and received an explanation from the judge of the maximum penalties for the charge. The following discussion then occurred:

"THE COURT: ...

"Were you here earlier when the rights were explained sir?

"MR. HAUGEN: Yeah.

"THE COURT: Do you understand your rights this morning?

"MR. HAUGEN: Yes."

After finding out that Haugen had talked with a lawyer on the phone, the court requested that Haugen enter a plea. Haugen entered a not-guilty plea. In response to a question posed by the court, Haugen stated that he was not yet sure who would be representing him.

"THE COURT: Okay. Do you wish to have a court trial or jury trial?

"MR. HAUGEN: Court trial.

"THE COURT: All right."

The court then set a trial date and informed Haugen that he, his attorney, and "any witnesses you should have" should appear on that date ready for trial, that he is presumed to be innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, and that he need not take the stand on his own behalf. The court requested Haugen to sign a promise to appear before he left the courtroom. At some point in the proceeding, apparently at the same time he signed the promise to appear, Haugen received and signed a document entitled "Statement of Rights." The document, omitting its title and the signatures of Haugen and the court clerks, contains the following language:

"In connection with your appearance in this court it is the duty of this court to advise you of your constitutional rights as follows:

"1. You shall be informed of the charge against you and any accompanying affidavit.

"2. You have the right to remain silent; that any statement made by you may be later used against you.

"3. You have the right to assistance of counsel before making any statement or answering any questions.

"4. You have the right to be represented by counsel at each and every state of the proceedings.

"5. That if the offense charged is one for which court appointed counsel is required, you have the right to have legal services provided at public expense to the extent that you are unable to pay for your own defense without undue hardship.

"6. You have the right to be admitted to bail pursuant to the provisions of Rule 46.

"7. You have the right to trial by jury in all cases as provided by law, and you have the right to appear and defend in person or by counsel.

"I acknowledge the receipt of my rights under the North Dakota Rules of Criminal Procedure. I hereby waive my right to counsel. I understand that my plea of guilty is a waiver of my right to trial in this case."

The record yields no information as to the circumstances surrounding the signing of this document; for example, there is no indication that Haugen was provided sufficient time to read the document or to ask for any explanation of its terms.

A court trial was held on August 30, 1984. Haugen was found guilty of driving while under the influence of alcohol, second offense, and received a fine and sentence. The trial court denied Haugen's timely motion for a new trial on July 2, 1985.

Article I, Section 13, of the North Dakota Constitution provides that "[t]he right of trial by jury shall be secured to all, and remain inviolate...." ¹ This provision reflects the recognized importance of trial by jury under our system of justice. Nonetheless, the right to trial by jury "is a right which may be waived by a defendant under certain conditions." State v. Kranz, 353 N.W.2d 748, 751 (N.D.1984). As Chief Justice Erickstad stated in Kranz, "The great importance and public interest in jury trials as the normal and preferred mode of factfinding in criminal cases precludes a defendant from waiving the right to trial by jury without the express, intelligent consent of the defendant and consent of the prosecutor and judge." 353 N.W.2d at 751. [Emphasis and footnote omitted.] Where a defendant indicates a desire to waive his or her right to a jury trial, it is the responsibility of the trial court to "ascertain whether or not the defendant's jury trial waiver is a voluntary, knowing, and intelligent decision 'done with sufficient awareness of the relevant circumstances and likely consequences.' "...