State v. Hinson

• Decision Date: 05 October 1998
• Docket Number: No. S98G0468.,S98G0468.
• Citation: State v. Hinson, 269 Ga. 862, 506 S.E.2d 870 (Ga. 1998)
• Parties: The STATE v. HINSON.
• Court: Georgia Supreme Court

506 S.E.2d 870

269 Ga. 862

The STATE v. HINSON.

No. S98G0468.

Supreme Court of Georgia.

October 5, 1998.

John Thomas Morgan, III, Dist. Atty., Benjamin M. First, Barbara Blaine Conroy, Asst. Dist. Attys., Decatur, for the State.

Fitzgerald Hinson, Decatur, for Fitzgerald Hinson.

Calvin A. Leipold, Jr., Manning & Leipold, Edward F. O'Connor, Decatur, for Fitzgerald Hinson. CARLEY, Justice.

Fitzgerald Hinson was tried before a jury and found guilty of trafficking in cocaine, possession of cocaine with intent to distribute, and possession of a firearm during the commission of a crime. The trial court entered judgments of conviction and sentences, and subsequently denied Hinson's motion for new trial. The Court of Appeals reversed, relying on Belt v. State, 227 Ga.App. 425(1), 489 S.E.2d 157 (1997) as authority for holding that "the trial court committed reversible error in failing to give, sua sponte, a limiting instruction contemporaneous with the admission of extrinsic acts or similar crimes evidence." Hinson v. State, 229 Ga.App. 840, 842(3), 494 S.E.2d 693 (1997). We granted the State's petition for certiorari to consider this holding of the Court of Appeals. Here, the trial court gave a limiting instruction during its general charge to the jury. In Belt v. State, supra, the trial court gave no limiting instruction on similar transaction evidence at any time. Even so, this Court reversed the judgment in Belt, holding that, in the absence of a request, a trial court has no obligation to give a limiting instruction regarding similar transaction evidence. State v. Belt, ___ Ga. ___, 505 S.E.2d 1 (1998). Thus, in this case, the Court of Appeals erred in requiring that a trial court give a contemporaneous limiting instruction without request. Regardless of when the defendant wishes the jury instructed on the limited admissibility of similar transaction evidence, it is incumbent upon him to make a timely request to the trial court for such a charge.

Judgment reversed.

All the Justices concur, except FLETCHER, P.J., who dissents.

FLETCHER, Presiding Justice, dissenting.

Legal scholars recognize that uncharged misconduct or prior acts, confusingly labeled "similar transactions" by Georgia courts, is one of the most misunderstood area of evidence law;¹ is highly or unduly prejudicial to the accused;² and creates a high risk of a jury reaching a verdict on an improper basis,³ i.e., because the accused has bad character or committed some bad act in the past. Both my private studies and my experience on this court compel me to agree.

Appellate decisions in recent decades and the issues presented in countless cases confirm that all too often neither the courts nor the parties understand the analysis required to properly determine whether such evidence should be admitted: Is it logically relevant to prove a material issue in dispute or is it really a pretense for the admission of evidence that the defendant has the propensity to commit the crime with which he is charged. Of course, if the sole purpose of the evidence is to raise this inference of propensity, it is inadmissible.⁴ In addition to the lack of...