State v. Hubbard
| Decision Date | 11 June 1973 |
| Docket Number | No. 53157,53157 |
| Citation | 279 So.2d 177 |
| Parties | STATE of Louisiana v. Larry J. HUBBARD. |
| Court | Louisiana Supreme Court |
Woodson T. Callihan, Baton Rouge, for defendant-appellant.
William J. Guste, Jr., Atty. Gen., LeRoy A. Hartley, Special Asst. Atty. Gen., Ossie B. Brown, Dist. Atty., M. Stephen Roberts, Asst. Dist. Atty., for plaintiff-appellee.
Appellant, Larry J. Hubbard, was charged in a bill of information with armed robbery. After a trial, he was found guilty and sentenced to serve twenty years at hard labor in the state penitentiary.
Thereafter, by way of habeas corpus application, appellant was granted an appeal because of his allegation that he had not been advised of this right. He relies upon one bill of exceptions for a reversal of his conviction.
This bill is directed at the allowance by the trial judge of two amendments to the bill of information, one changing the date and one changing the name of the victim.
Appellant contends that under the provisions of Article 487 Code of Criminal Procedure the court may, before the trial begins, order an indictment amended with respect to a defect of substance, but that after trial begins, if such amendment is made, a mistrial shall be ordered. It is the interpretation of appellant that in the present case, at the time the court allowed these alleged substantive amendments, trial had in fact commenced. He urges the only procedural exception, if Article 487 is not complied with, is the granting of a continuance as provided for in Article 489 Code of Criminal Procedure.
Article 761 of the Code of Criminal Procedure provides:
A prospective juror, before being examined, must be sworn to answer questions asked him relative to his qualifications to serve as a juror in the case. Article 786 Code of Criminal Procedure.
An examination of the record shows that appellant was charged in a bill of information with violation of R.S. 14:64 on January 15, 1970 for having robbed one Jack Allen Hebert. After the jury venire was polled, the court read Articles 401 and 403 of the Code of Criminal Procedure pertaining to the qualifications and exemption of jurors. The jury venire was excused from the courtroom. The State moved to amend the bill of information by changing the date from January 15, 1970 to January 9, 1970, and the name of the victim from Jack Allen Hebert to Louis Tuzy. Appellant objected; the trial judge overruled the objection and granted the amendments, to which ruling a bill of exceptions was reserved.
Thereafter, upon instructions of the Court, the reporter produced the jury box in open court and withdrew therefrom the envelope containing the names of the persons comprising the jury venire for the week beginning May 18, 1970. The minutes recite that the selection of the jury was then begun. The jury was thereafter selected, sworn and empaneled.
Accordingly, at the time the amendments in question were allowed by the court, trial had not commenced under our law. No juror had been sworn and examined. Articles 761 and 786 Code Criminal Procedure.
This Court held in State v. Royal, 255 La. 617, 232 So.2d 292 (1970) that an amendment to an information, whether it be in substance or otherwise, is permitted before the commencement of the selection of the jury since, under Article 761 Code of Criminal Procedure, this is prior to the beginning of trial.
It should be observed that the amendment as to time was not an amendment as to a defect of substance.
Article 468 of the Code of Criminal Procedure provides that the date or time of the commission of the offense need not be alleged in the indictment, unless the date or the time is essential to the offense.
Armed robbery, under R.S. 14:64 'is the theft of anything of value from the person of another, or which is in the immediate control of another, by use of force or intimidation, while armed with a dangerous weapon. * * *'
The offense of armed robbery, under Article 465 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, may be charged in the following short form:
'A.B., while armed with a dangerous weapon, robbed C.D.'
This Court, in State v. Pickett, 261 La. 237, 259 So.2d 307 (1972), held that time is not an essential element of the offense of armed robbery. An amendment as to time was allowed in that case during trial, pursuant to Article 487 Code of Criminal Procedure, which grants authority to the trial court to cause the information to be amended at any time 'in respect to any such formal defect, imperfection, omission, or uncertainty.'
We find no merit in appellant's contention that he was entitled to a continuance under the provisions of Article 489 Code of Criminal Procedure because he had been prejudiced in his defense upon the merits.
No prejudice was suffered by appellant for the reason that the State, in answer to a request for a bill of particulars, set forth the date of the alleged offense as used in the amendment. This put appellant on notice of the date later substituted by the amendment and, hence, he could not claim surprise.
Additionally, no motion for a continuance was made in this case. This point will be more fully covered later in this opinion.
Appellant next contends the amendment changing the name of the victim was one of substance and prejudiced his right to a fair trial. Again it is urged that a continuance should have been granted.
This argument is likewise without merit. Initially it is to be observed, as we have already stated, that trial had not commenced. Conceding arguendo that this was an amendment of substance, it was properly allowed before trial. State v. Royal, 255 La. 617, 232 So.2d 292 (1970); Article 487 Code of Criminal Procedure.
The only relief to which appellant could be entitled is a continuance under Article 489 Code of Criminal Procedure. However, this is only upon a showing that he was prejudiced by the change of the name of the victim in the bill of information.
It was the position of the State that no prejudice resulted from this amendment since investigation would have revealed that both parties were present at the time of the robbery. It argued that this amendment would not materially change the facts in any way; the only reason for the change being that it was ascertained, after the filing of the bill of information, that it was Tuzy, rather than Hebert, who physically handed the money over to the accused at the time of this robbery.
The trial judge, in ruling on this amendment, stated:
* * *'
We agree with the trial judge. It is difficult to...
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State v. de la Beckwith
...one of form or of substance, amendment of the bill of information with respect to such defect was properly allowed. State v. Hubbard, 279 So.2d 177 (La.1973); State v. Royal, 255 La. 617, 232 So.2d 292 (1970). Assignment of Error No. 4 is without ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 5 Defendant contends......
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...form, when not essential to the offense. State v. McCoy, 337 So.2d 192 (La.1976); State v. Sharp, 321 So.2d 331 (La.1975); State v. Hubbard, 279 So.2d 177 (La.1973); State v. Pickett, 261 La. 237, 259 So.2d 307 (1972); State v. Martin, 255 La. 961, 233 So.2d 898 (1970). The incorrectness of......
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