State v. Hutchins

Decision Date13 December 1957
Parties, 51 Del. 100 STATE of Delaware v. Harvey N. HUTCHINS.
CourtDelaware Superior Court

James B. Messick, Deputy Atty. Gen., for State.

James H. Hughes, III, and Harold Schmittinger, Dover, for defendant.

HERRMANN, Judge.

The pending motion requires inquiry into the purpose and scope of Criminal Rule 17(c) 1 of this Court, Del.C.Ann.

The defendant is charged with the murder of his wife on July 27, 1957. Under Rule 17(c), he has moved for pre-trial production and inspection of the following documents in the possession of the State:

'1) Report on the results of the analysis 2 of the samples of blood of the defendant taken on the night of July 27, 1957 or the early morning of July 28, 1957.

'2) Written statement of Robert Hutchins, son or foster son of the defendant and deceased, relating to the events of July 27, 1957.

'3) Written statements of all other prospective witnesses for the State at the trial of the above cause.'

Defense counsel state that they should be permitted to inspect the report of the blood test because if it shows that the defendant was highly intoxicated it may 'tend to establish a defense'. They assert that the written statements of Robert Hutchins and other prospective witnesses should be made available to them before trial for the purpose of (1) refreshing the recollection of the witness if he is to be called by the defense or (2) allowing advance preparation for impeaching the witness if called by the State.

The language of Rule 17(c), like that of its Federal counterpart, has proved to be troublesome. It has given rise to doubt and confusion regarding the interrelationship of Rules 16 and 17 and the extent of pre-trial discovery to be allowed in criminal cases under the Rules. 3

Since we adopted Federal Rule 17(c) verbatim, we may look to the Federal authorities for guidance in construing the Rule.

The purpose and scope of Federal Rule 17(c) has been explained as follows by George H. Dession, a member of the Advisory Committee which drafted the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure: 4

'This provision invites an exception to the 'normal' practice in the handling of documents produced in response to a subpoena duces tecum Normally, 'the books and other things called for would merely be brought into court at the time of the trial, let us say immediately before they are to be offered in evidence, * * *' * * * This normal practice makes sense in cases of no more than average complexity which can in any event be tried in from one to five days. * * * Given but a few relevant documents * * *, it is perfectly feasible to call for them and see them for the first time in open court * * *. In federal practice, however, one must also envisage trials which involve thousands of documents, and consume many months of trial. Most major anti-trust proceedings are of this description, as are various classes of cases arising under other industry-regulation statutes.

'The only practicable solution, if such cases are to be tried before courts, is a subpoena practice which permits of a sifting in advance of trial of the documents actually to be offered in evidence. * * *.'

The interrelationship of Federal Rules 16 and 17 has been considered by the United States Supreme Court in Bowman Dairy Co. v. United States, 1951, 341 U.S. 214, 71 S.Ct. 675, 679, 95 L.Ed. 879, where it is stated:

'It was not intended by Rule 16 to give a limited right of discovery, and then by Rule 17 to give a right of discovery in the broadest terms. Rule 17 provides for the usual subpoena ad testificandum and duces tecum, which may be issued by the clerk, with the provision that the court may direct the materials designated in the subpoena duces tecum to be produced at a specified time and place for inspection by the defendant. Rule 17(c) was not intended to provide an additional means of discovery. Its chief innovation was to expedite the trial by providing a time and place before trial for the inspection of the subpoenaed materials. * * *. However, the plain words of the Rule are not to be ignored. They must be given their ordinary meaning to carry out the purpose of establishing a more liberal policy for the production inspection and use of materials at the trial.

'* * *. In short, any document or other materials, admissible as evidence, obtained by the Government by solicitation or voluntarily from third persons is subject to subpoena. * * *.'

In United States v. Carter, D.C.D.C.1954, 15 F.R.D. 367, 369, Judge Holtzoff, another member of the Advisory Committee which drafted the Federal Rules, made the following statement:

'* * *. Rule 17, however, is not intended as a discovery rule. The Advisory Committee in drafting the Rules indicated, by the manner in which Rule 16 is circumscribed and safeguarded, that only a narrow discovery should be permitted in criminal cases. Rule 17 relates to the issuance of subpoenas. Rule 17(c) deals with subpoenas duces tecum and is for the most part a restatement of preexisting law. It makes an addition, however, to the effect that the court may direct that a subpoena duces tecum be returnable prior to the trial, and may permit the documents and objects that have been subpoenaed to be inspected on the return day. The purpose of this Rule was not to grant additional discovery, but merely to facilitate and expedite trials, in order that a trial may not be delayed while counsel are examining voluminous documents produced in response to subpoena. It was contemplated that a Rule such as this would be particularly helpful in protracted trials in which there is a mass of documentary evidence, such as antitrust cases, mail fraud cases, and other similar proceedings. * * *. To construe Rule 17 as a discovery rule would render Rule 16 nugatory and meaningless and would defeat its limitations.

'* * *. A subpoena duces tecum may not be used for the purpose of discovery, either to ascertain the existence of documentary evidence, or to pry into the case of the prosecution. * * *.'

After reviewing the Bowman case and drawing upon his extraordinary knowledge of the background of the Rules here involved, Judge Holtzoff made the following summary of the principles to be applied in construing Rule 17(c): (15 F.R.D. 371)

'1. Discovery in criminal cases in the Federal courts is governed by Rule 16 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. Rule 17(c) is not a discovery rule but a device whereby a subpoena duces tecum in a criminal case may be made returnable prior to the trial, and the subpoenaed documents or objects made subject to inspection by counsel on the return day.

'2. Whether an application under Rule 17(c) should be granted is within the sound discretion of the trial court.

'3. Rule 17(c) is applicable only to such documents or objects as would be admissible in evidence at the trial, or which may be used for impeachment purposes.

'4. Rule 17(c) does not extend broadly to statements of witnesses, since such statements are not admissible in evidence. While they may be invoked for impeachment purposes, such...

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10 cases
  • McBride v. State
    • United States
    • United States State Supreme Court of Delaware
    • April 18, 1983
    ...a pre-trial discovery rule that may be used for the production and inspection of statements of prospective witnesses. State v. Hutchins, Del.Super., 138 A.2d 342 (1957), aff'd on other grounds, Del.Supr., 153 A.2d 204 (1959). 5 In Hutchins, Judge Herrmann, now Chief Justice, barred use of R......
  • State v. Thompson
    • United States
    • Minnesota Supreme Court
    • January 7, 1966
    ...in that state. State v. Saenz, 88 Ariz. 154, 353 P.2d 1026; People v. Chapman, 52 Cal.2d 95, 338 P.2d 428; State v. Hutchins, 1 Stoney 100, 51 Del. 100, 138 A.2d 342; Walker v. State, 78 Nev. 463, 376 P.2d 137; State v. Hunt, 25 N.J. 514, 138 A.2d 1; Commonwealth v. Smith, 412 Pa. 1, 192 A.......
  • State v. Eads
    • United States
    • Iowa Supreme Court
    • April 8, 1969
    ...S.W.2d 782, 784; Bellew v. State, 238 Miss. 734, 106 So.2d 146; State v. White, 9 Ohio App.2d 271, 224 N.E.2d 377, 380; State v. Hutchins, 51 Del. 100, 138 A.2d 342, 346; State v. Richetti, 342 Mo. 1015, 119 S.W.2d 330, 340, 344; People v. Graziano, 46 Misc.2d 936, 261 N.Y.S.2d 546; People ......
  • State v. Page
    • United States
    • Rhode Island Supreme Court
    • July 17, 1968
    ...881, 7 A.L.R.3d 174; State v.Saenz, 88 Ariz. 154, 353 P.2d 1026; People v. Chapman, 52 Cal.2d 95, 338 P.2d 428; State v. Hutchins, 1 Storey 100, 51 Del. 100, 138 A.2d 342; Walker v. State, 78 Nev. 463, 376 P.2d 137; State v. Hunt, 25 N.J. 514, 138 A.2d 1; Commonwealth v. Smith, 412 Pa. 1, 1......
  • Request a trial to view additional results

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