State v. Keller
| Citation | 97 Or.Adv.Sh. 237,265 Or. 622,510 P.2d 568 |
| Parties | STATE of Oregon, Respondent, v. Barbara Jean KELLER, Petitioner. |
| Decision Date | 01 June 1973 |
| Court | Supreme Court of Oregon |
Walter L. Barrie, Asst. Atty. Gen., Salem, argued the cause for respondent. With him on the brief were Lee Johnson, Atty. Gen., and John W. Osburn, Sol. Gen., Salem.
Howard R. Lonergan, Portland, argued the cause for petitioner. With him on the brief was Glenn A. Geurts, Portland.
The defendant was indicted for illegal possession of dangerous drugs, ORS 475.100. Before trial, the defendant moved to suppress the evidence found by police while making an inventory search of her automobile after a lawful arrest, but without a search warrant. The trial court granted the motion to suppress the evidence (drugs, etc.) found in a tackle box but denied the motion to suppress the evidence (syringes and needles) found in an open cosmetic case and in plain view. The state appealed pursuant to ORS 138.060(4). The Court of Appeals reversed the trial court, State v. Keller, Or.App., 94 Adv.Sh. 1818, 497 P.2d 868 (1972). We accepted review as this court has not addressed the subject of an 'inventory search' of an automobile without a search warrant.
The essential facts are as follows. On October 17, 1971, officers Van Horn and Nelson of the Portland Police Department stopped the defendant while driving her automobile to see if she had a valid driver's license. They had arrested her on October 4, 1971, and knew her license had been suspended. A radio check revealed her license was still suspended, and she was arrested for driving an automobile with a suspended driver's license. Her passenger was intoxicated, and he was arrested for being drunk on the street. Defendant and the passenger were placed in the police vehicle.
The officers called a tow truck to remove defendant's vehicle from the street and proceeded to inventory the contents of the car. The police inventory of the car's contents was pursuant to administrative requirements that police note the type of motor and transmission, tires, valuables, body damage, color of car, and weapons. During inventory of the contents of the car, the police noted an open cosmetic case on the floor in front of the driver's seat, and its contents, syringes and needles, were in plain view. They also observed a fishing tackle box, on the floor of the back seat, held closed by a 'red wire tied around it.'
The police removed the wire and opened the tackle box to inventory its contents and observed five vials of liquid, litmus paper, and razor blades. The liquid was later determined to be a dangerous drug, which was the basis of the indictment against defendant. Officer Nelson testified that when the box was opened there was the odor of methamphetamine, which he had smelled before in a 'narcotics lab.' The facts are not in dispute.
The posture of the case is a lawful arrest followed by a reasonably required inventory search of the car's contents preparatory to having the automobile towed away and impounded. The only testimony offered on the motion to suppress was given by the two officers. They both testified that the sole purpose of the search was to inventory the car's contents, and the trial court made a finding to his effect.
Under facts such as we have in the instant case, the great weight of authority supports such a search as reasonable and lawful as to evidence of crime that comes into 'plain view' of the inventorying officer, whether or not related to the crime for which the arrest has been made. See cases and authority collected in Annotation 48 A.L.R.3d 537.
This court approved the 'plain view' doctrine as an exception to the search warrant requirement in State v. Ramon, 248 Or. 96, 99, 432 P.2d 507 (1967). See also, United States v. Mitchell, 458 F.2d 960 (9th Cir. 1972), (a partially opened jewelry sample case in plain view).
The United States Supreme Court has not ruled directly on an inventory search of an automobile without a search warrant where the evidence is not in 'plain view.' In Coolidge v. New Hampshire, 403 U.S. 443, 467--468, 91 S.Ct. 2022, 29 L.Ed.2d 564 (1971), the United States Supreme Court affirmed the 'plain view' doctrine, i.e., contraband that comes into plain view of a police officer, who is lawfully in a position to see it, may be seized without a warrant and used as evidence in a criminal prosecution under certain circumstances. One of those circumstances is where the item is uncovered during a search incident to an arrest and where 'a police officer is not searching for evidence against the accused but nonetheless inadvertently comes across an incriminating object.'
The question before us is whether the objects (vials of liquid) enclosed in the tackle box were subject to seizure. We think not. The vials were within the tackle box which was sealed closed by the red wire, and they were not in 'plain view.' The officers testified they were not searching for evidence, but were only inventorying the automobile's contents. With no exigent circumstances present they could have easily inventoried 'one fishing tackle box,' along with other items in plain view. If they had probable cause to believe a crime was being committed, after seeing the syringes and needles in the open cosmetic case, they could have sought a search warrant from a disinterested magistrate.
Both the federal and state constitutions provide that people shall be secure in their 'papers' and 'effects' against 'unreasonable search and seizure.' 1
In State v. Montague, 73 Wash.2d 381, 438 P.2d 571 (1968), the court upheld an inventory search preparatory to impounding defendant's automobile after a lawful arrest. The police found marijuana in a brown paper bag on the floor of the car. The case does not discuss the 'plain view' aspects of the case or if the brown bag was sealed.
In People v. Sullivan, 29 N.Y.2d 69, 323 N.Y.S.2d 945, 272 N.E.2d 464 (1971), a briefcase was found in an impounded car after being removed from a 'tow-away' zone. There was no arrest until the police opened the closed briefcase and found a loaded gun. The case holds that an automobile inventory is not a 'search' and the gun was admitted in evidence. See also, State v. Wallen, 185 Neb. 44, 173 N.W.2d 372 (1970), and cases collected in Annot., 48 ALR3d, page 555.
We believe the better reasoning is expressed in the following cases. In Mozetti v. Superior Court of Sacramento County, 4 Cal.3d 699, 94 Cal.Rptr. 412, 484 P.2d 84 (1971), the petitioner (mandamus to require suppression of evidence) was involved in a two-car collision and was taken to the hospital. Police arrived and her car was blocking the roadway. 'In accordance with standard (police) procedure' the officer was instructed to prepare an inventory of the contents of petitioner's automobile prior to having it towed away. In the course of his inventory, the officer saw an unlocked suitcase on the back seat, in addition to other items in plain view. 'Finding the suitcase unlocked he opened it, apparently to determine if it contained any articles of value.' Inside he found a plastic bag containing marijuana, which was the basis of the information charging petitioner with possession of...
To continue reading
Request your trial
-
State v. Flores
...... At times, as in State v. McCoy, supra, it relied solely on federal law. At other times, as in State v. O'Neal, 251 Or. 163, 444 P.2d 951 (1969), and State v. Cloman, 254 Or. 1, 456 P.2d 67 (1969), it cited no constitutional provision whatsoever. It also, as in State v. Keller, 265 Or. 622, 510 P.2d 568 (1973), and State v. Blackburn/Barber, 266 Or. 28, 511 P.2d 381 (1973), cited both constitutions but made no effort to distinguish them or to provide a separate analysis of either. Cf. State v. Atkinson, 64 Or.App. 517, 669 P.2d 343 (1983) (analyzing whether later ......
-
State v. Atkinson
...of the glove compartment exceeded what we found permissible under Article I, section 9, of the Oregon Constitution in State v. Keller, 265 Or. 622, 510 P.2d 568 (1973). Four judges specially concurring rejected Keller's application to the case but reached the same result based on State v. L......
-
State v. Brown
...State v. Fondren, supra (trunk of a car); State v. Downes, supra (cosmetic kit or flight kit in the trunk of a bus); State v. Keller, 265 Or. 622, 510 P.2d 568 (1973) (fishing tackle box in a vehicle). On the other hand, in both the Robinson and Gustafson cases the search of the person resu......
-
State v. Florance
...Cf. State v. Krogness, Supra, 238 Or. at 145, 388 P.2d 120; State v. Johnson, Supra, 249 Or. at 56, 437 P.2d 110; and State v. Keller, 265 Or. 622, 625, 510 P.2d 568 (1973). B. Seizure of The Court of Appeals held in this casse that even assuming that the officer could properly search defen......