State v. Kocen

• Decision Date: 05 February 1988
• Citation: 222 N.J.Super. 517,537 A.2d 731
• Parties: STATE of New Jersey, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. Frederick W. KOCEN, Jr., Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: New Jersey Superior Court — Appellate Division

Page 517

222 N.J.Super. 517

537 A.2d 731

STATE of New Jersey, Plaintiff-Respondent, v.Frederick W. KOCEN, Jr., Defendant-Appellant.

Superior Court of New Jersey Appellate Division.

Argued Jan. 20, 1988.

Decided Feb. 5, 1988.

James M. McGovern, Jr., for defendant-appellant(Ansell, Fox, Zaro & McGovern, attorneys; Patricia F. Stefanile, Eatontown, on the brief).

Patricia Quelch, Asst. Prosecutor, for plaintiff-respondent(John A. Kaye, Monmouth County Prosecutor, attorney; Mark P. Stalford, Asst. Prosecutor, Freehold, of counsel).

Before Judges R.S. COHEN and LANDAU.

The opinion of the court was delivered by

COHEN, R.S., J.A.D.

DefendantFrederick W. Kocen, Jr. was indicted for violating N.J.S.A. 2C:20-8(a) in that between 1975 and 1986he"did unlawfully and purposely obtain, without compensation, from New Jersey Natural Gas Company, services, to wit: natural gas, with a value in excess of $500."He was tried to a jury, found guilty, and sentenced to a probationary term, a $250 fine and ordered to make restitution to New Jersey Natural Gas Company in the amount of $7176.79 at $100 per month.He appealed.We reverse and remand for dismissal of the indictment.

At its best, the State's evidence showed these facts.Defendant and his family bought and moved into an existing home in 1975.It was served with natural gas by New Jersey Natural Gas Company.There was a meter on the premises.Defendant was not billed for use of gas, because the utility had mistakenly recorded the location of the property when it installed gas service for defendant's predecessor in 1970, and soon thereafter gave up trying to correct its error.It had no record of an account at defendant's address.It thus unknowingly continued to supply gas without charge.

Defendant knew that one normally pays for gas, and that he was not doing so.Indeed, after a few years in the house he converted from oil heat to gas heat, apparently as an economy measure.In defense at trial, defendant and family members described unsuccessful efforts to establish an account with the utility in 1975.There was nothing in the evidence to indicate that defendant or anyone else made any false, deceptive or threatening statements to the utility or tampered with the meter or other part of the gas delivery system.

N.J.S.A. 2C:20-8(a) says in pertinent part:

A person is guilty of theft if he purposely obtains services which he knows are available only for compensation, by deception or threat, or by false token, slug, or other means, including but not limited to mechanical or electronic devices or through fraudulent statements, to avoid payment for the service.

Plaintiff's conduct is not criminalized by this statute.He knowingly accepted services without payment which he knew were available only for compensation.There was no evidence, however, of use of deception or threat, false token, slug mechanical or electronic devices, or fraudulent statements.¹But, the State asks, what about the statutory phrase, "other means"?Those words appear in a list whose common characteristic is the doing of an affirmative verbal or physical act whose purpose is to deceive, defraud or threaten, or to foil a supplier's metering or collection system.There is nothing to indicate that the Legislature meant to ignore the canon of ejusdem generis ² and to use the phrase "other means" to criminalize the...