State v. Kurz.

• Citation: 37 A.2d 808,131 Conn. 54
• Court: Supreme Court of Connecticut
• Decision Date: 17 May 1944
• Parties: STATE v. KURZ.

131 Conn. 54

37 A.2d 808

STATE

v.KURZ.

Supreme Court of Errors of Connecticut.

May 17, 1944.

Appeal from Superior Court, New Haven County; O'Sullivan, Judge.

Robert F. Kurz was convicted of murder in the second degree after a trial to the jury in the superior court, and he appeals.

No error.

Louis Feinmark and John A. Mele, both of New Haven (Morris Rabinowitz, of New Haven, on the brief), for appellant (defendant).

Abraham S. Ullman, of New Haven (Arthur T. Gorman, of New Haven, on the brief), for appellee (state).

Before MALTBIE, C. J., and BROWN, JENNINGS, DICKENSON, and WYNNE, JJ. (Judge KENNETH WYNNE of the Superior Court sat for Judge ELLS.)

JENNINGS, Judge.

The defendant was indicted for the killing of Jessica Garrup. He was convicted of murder in the second degree and has appealed from the judgment, claiming to have been aggrieved by the decision of the court on questions of law arising during the trial in over forty respects. Each of these assignments has been examined but, if this opinion is to be kept within reasonable limits, some condensation of the discussion is necessary. The orderly arrangement of the briefs of both parties has greatly assisted the analysis of this extensive record.

The state offered evidence to prove, and claimed to have proved, the following facts: The defendant is a practicing chiropractor and a married man. At the time of the crime charged he was living in his cottage in East Haven with Jessica Garrup, a twenty-eight year old divorcee who was his mistress. She had a five-year-old son by her former marriage and an illegitimate daughter Roberta, born in May, 1942, of whom the defendant was the father. The mother of the defendant also lived there and the entire household consisted of the five persons mentioned. The defendant had had frequent quarrels with the deceased over a considerable period of time, as had his mother. Some of these quarrels were violent. The immediate cause of the quarrels just before the commission of the crime was the insistence on the part of the deceased on going to a nearby inn to drink and dance with other men. About 3 p. m. on Sunday, October 25, 1942, she again expressed a desire to go to the inn for a drink and despite the objections of the defendant went upstairs to put on her coat. The defendant thereupon picked up a pistol which had a safety grip and safety catch or lock. He had brought the pistol from his office that day or the preceding day. He followed the deceased upstairs and continued the quarrel there. The altercation increased in intensity until the defendant threw her to the floor with such force that her head, striking the wall, caused the wallboard to buckle. As she lay there the defendant fired a fatal shot into her abdomen. The course of the bullet indicated that the shot was fired when the deceased was in the position described.

On the floor above the seventy-eight-year old mother of the defendant was sewing. Hearing the shot she descended the stairs to hear her son say: ‘I just shot Jessica. Come down and watch me shoot myself.’ To forestall his suicide the mother took possession of the gun. Proceeding to a neighbor's house to summon aid she immediately disclosed what had happened and showed the gun to the neighbor. Persons nearby who went to the cottage to assist heard the defendant say, ‘I didn't mean to do it. * * * God help me and save me,’ as he sobbed over the body of the deceased. After the arrival of the police the defendant told contradictory stories about what had happened: First, that the deceased had the gun intending to commit suicide and that she was shot when he tried to take it from her; then, that he was intending to kill himself and that the deceased was shot when she tried to take the gun from him; a little later at the county jail the defendant discussed with an attorney the possibility of a defense of intoxication. His story on the stand was that his mother took the gun from him when he was intending to commit suicide and that the gun was discharged during a struggle between the three of them. This story was not related by him to anyone until his mother had suffered a severe shock on November 26, 1942. She was not available as a witness because of her death on December 5, 1942. The defendant shot the deceased without legal justification or excuse and of his malice aforethought.

The defendant's claims of proof insofar as they differed from those of the state were as follows: From January 1, 1942, up to October 25, 1942, the feelings of the defendant toward the deceased had been affectionate at all times and this feeling of affection had increased after the birth of Roberta. The relations between his mother and the deceased were pleasant up to May, 1942, when they all went to live together in the cottage. Shortly thereafter antagonism arose between his mother and the deceased which became more marked during the summer and fall of 1942. The defendant remained fond of both of them and became deeply depressed and despondent because of their quarreling. The defendant made no objection to the trips of the deceased to the inn and in fact accompanied her there at times. The defendant did think that the deceased was drinking too much and remonstrated with her on that subject.

The pistol had been brought to the cottage sometime during August, 1942, for the protection of the deceased due to the presence of prowlers in the vicinity. On the morning of the Sunday in question the defendant, the deceased and Henry Byrne went to the office of the defendant in New Haven where Byrne was to do some work. All had two or three drinks of whiskey at the office. The defendant and the deceased returned to the cottage and then went to the inn and had a couple of drinks. On returning to the cottage the deceased asked the defendant to put the pistol where her son Billy could not get hold of it. He put it in the holster and went to the bathroom to change his clothes. While there he heard his mother and the deceased engaged in a wordy quarrel and in attempting to quiet them the deceased was shot under the circumstances described by him on the stand. The contradictory stories told by him about the shooting were based on a desire on his part to keep his mother's connection with the affair away from the police. The physical facts did not indicate that the deceased was lying down when she was shot.

The defendant filed four requests to charge the jury. The general purpose of these requests was to explain to the jury the effect of the claim of the defendant that the deceased was shot by his mother either accidently or intentionally. The court charged the jury on this point as follows: ‘* * * the State claims that it has established beyond a reasonable doubt the second proposition essential to murder, namely, that the accused shot Jessica Garrup. The accused, as I have previously stated, does not have to prove his innocence. Nevertheless, he has offered a defense, the core of which is that his mother and not he shot Mrs. Garrup. The mere fact that he may have introduced evidence that some other person may have held the gun at the time it was fired does not take from the State its burden of proving his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Even if you should feel that the evidence offered by the accused has not proven that Mrs. Kurz had the gun at the time it was fired, yet you should consider this evidence, and if upon all the evidence in the case you have a reasonable doubt of his guilt, you should of course acquit him. The determination of the guilt of the accused does not rest on any weakness as to his defense; it must rest on the strength of the prosecution.’ The essential features of the requests were adequately covered by this charge.

Among the assignments of error in the charge as delivered was one directed to the following excerpt: ‘In murder in the second degree it is not necessary that wilful, deliberate and premeditated intent to take life exist. That is the characteristic which, if proven, would make the murder one of first degree. In murder in the second degree it is not necessary that there should be an actual intent to kill.’ The defendant claims that a specific intent to kill is a necessary element in the crime of murder in the second degree. The following definition of murder in the second degree given in the charge was correct: ‘Murder is unlawful homicide with malice aforethought. * * * Therefore, to warrant a conviction of murder in the second degree against this accused the State must establish the three essentials which again I repeat, in order that you may have them in mind: first, that Jessica Garrup is dead; secondly, that she was killed by the accused, and, thirdly, that in killing her he acted of his malice aforethought. If any of these three propositions has not been established, you cannot convict the accused of second degree murder.’ It will be observed that this definition does not include the necessity of the existence of a specific intent to kill the accused or anyone. That is not necessary. The existence of malice, fully defined in the charge, was sufficient to make the killing murder in the second degree.

‘Murder is defined to be where a person of sound memory, and discretion, unlawfully kills any reasonable creature, in being, and in the peace, with malice aforethought, express or implied. It is not necessary that there should be an actual intent to kill.’ 2 Swift's Digest 267. The author discusses this proposition in greater detail in his ‘System’: ‘There are instances where there is no intent to kill, yet the act is accompanied by such express hatred, revenge, and cruelty, as to evidence a total depravity of heart, and constitute malice prepense. Where a park-keeper tied a boy that was stealing wood, to a horse's tail and dragged him along the park; a master corrected a servant with an iron bar; and a school-master...