State v. LaBreck

• Court: Connecticut Supreme Court
• Writing for the Court: ALCORN
• Citation: State v. LaBreck, 269 A.2d 74, 159 Conn. 346 (Conn. 1970)
• Decision Date: 06 May 1970
• Parties: STATE of Connecticut v. Joel G. LaBRECK.

Page 74

269 A.2d 74

159 Conn. 346

STATE of Connecticut v. Joel G. LaBRECK.

Supreme Court of Connecticut.

May 6, 1970.

Igor I. Sikorsky, Jr., Special Public Defender, for appellant (defendant).

John D. LaBelle, State's Atty., with whom, on the brief, was George D. Stoughton, Chief Asst. State's Atty., for appellee (state).

Before ALCORN, HOUSE, THIM, RYAN and SHAPIRO ^*, JJ.

ALCORN, Chief Justice.

The defendant was tried to a jury on an indictment charging murder in the first degree in that the murder was committed while perpetrating or attempting to perpetrate a burglary. General Statutes § 53-9 (Rev. to 1968). The jury rendered a verdict of guilty and recommended a sentence of life imprisonment which the court imposed.

The defendant has appealed from the judgment, assigning as error that he was denied the right to have his attorney present during the grand jury proceedings, that the court erred in its charge to the jury and that pictures which were prejudicial to him were admitted in evidence. Assignments of error attacking the finding are abandoned. State v. Griffiths, 152 Conn. 48, 52, 203 A.2d 144.

The defendant offered no evidence at the trial. The state offered evidence to prove, and claimed to have proved, the following facts. The defendant and an accomplice had broken into a dwelling in West Hartford and were in the basement attempting to open a safe which was located there when the victim of the murder, a cleaning woman, entered the house on the morning of March 3, 1967. The victim discovered their presence and, while attempting to flee, was beaten over the head with a rifle barrel by the defendant. The victim was found, unconscious and bleeding, on the kitchen floor of the house and was taken to a hospital where she was found to be suffering from a fractured skull and a brain injury. She remained in a hospital until she died on October 24, 1967.

The record fails to disclose that the defendant was denied counsel before the grand jury although the statement that this occurred, which is made in the defendant's brief, is not disputed by the state. The defendant concedes that this claimed error is without merit under the settled law of this state. State v. Menillo, 159 Conn. 264, 274, 268 A.2d 667; State v. Stallings, 154 Conn. 272, 283, 224 A.2d 718.

The only portion of the court's charge which is before us is the short paragraph in which error is assigned. We assume, therefore, that the remainder of the charge was correct in law and that the jury followed the instructions given them. Intelisano v. Greenwell, 155 Conn. 436, 447, 232 A.2d 490. The single paragraph has been lifted out of context and it is impossible to determine its relation to the remaining subject matter of the charge. It would appear, however, to have come as a part of the court's charge concerning the burden of proof which rested on the state. The paragraph objected to is as follows: 'Now, as has been indicated to you, an accused person is not obliged to take the witness stand in his own behalf unless he wishes. It is necessary for the jury to remember that no burden rests upon the accused to prove himself innocent, but, on the contrary, as I have already pointed out, the burden is upon the state to prove the guilt of an accused beyond a reasonable doubt.'

At the conclusion of the entire charge counsel for the defendant objected to the court's 'commenting on the fact that Mr. LaBreck did not testify. I believe nothing should have been said. * * *' The claim now made is that in the absence of a request for such a charge by the defendant the charge violated the rule in Griffin v. California, 380 U.S. 609, 85 S.Ct. 1229, 14 L.Ed.2d 106. The Griffin rule established that it is improper for the prosecution to comment upon the failure of an accused person to take the witness stand or for the court to instruct the jury that they may draw an unfavorable inference from the defendant's failure to testify. We do not read the language of the court which is attacked in the present case as impinging on the Griffin rule. The failure of the defendant to testify was not commented upon and there was no mention of any inference to be drawn from it. The court merely told the jury that the defendant was not obliged to testify, that he had no burden to prove his innocence, and that it was the state's burden to prove him guilty. The charge was correct in law and there is no claim to the contrary. We fail to understand how the instruction can be held to be prejudicial. On the contrary, we believe that it would be helpful to the defendant since it must be assumed that the jury would follow the instruction. As a consequence, we believe that the jury would, more probably than not, treat the defendant's failure to testify merely as the exercise of a right afforded him by the law. We conclude that no prejudicial error resulted from the instruction given. United States v. Woodmansee, 354 F.2d 235, 236 (2d Cir.); State v. Garguilo, 310 F.2d 249, 252 (2d Cir.); Becher v. United States, 5 F.2d 45, 49 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 267 U.S. 602, 45 S.Ct. 462, 69 L.Ed. 808.

Cases dealing with the application of the Griffin rule are collected in an annotation in 18 A.L.R.3d 1335, 1337.

In addition to the facts already related, the state offered evidence to prove and claimed to have proved that the police found the victim on the floor of the kitchen at about 8:40 p.m. on March 3, 1967. She was alive but unconscious and there was blood on the floor and spattered on a cabinet. Upon her removal to a hospital an operation was performed necessitated by a large skull fracture, a large blood clot pressing against the brain and a half inch displacement of the brain within the skull. A section of the skull measuring two and one-half by four inches was removed in the operation. Thereafter the victim was unable to feed or care for herself and her weight fell from 155 or 160 pounds to sixty-five pounds at the time of her death. Her death was caused primarily...