State v. Laws

• Decision Date: 19 December 1995
• Docket Number: No. 13166,13166
• Citation: 39 Conn.App. 816,668 A.2d 392
• Court: Connecticut Court of Appeals
• Parties: STATE of Connecticut v. Keith LAWS.

Page 392

668 A.2d 392

39 Conn.App. 816

STATE of Connecticut v. Keith LAWS.

No. 13166.

Appellate Court of Connecticut.

Argued Oct. 26, 1995.

Decided Dec. 19, 1995.

G. Douglas Nash, Public Defender, for appellant (defendant).

Frederick W. Fawcett, Assistant State's Attorney, with whom, on the brief, were Donald A. Browne, State's Attorney, and Richard L. Palombo, Jr., Assistant State's Attorney, for appellee (state).

Before DUPONT, C.J., and LAVERY and SPEAR, JJ.

LAVERY, Judge.

The defendant appeals from the judgment of conviction, rendered after a jury trial, of failure to appear in the first degree in violation of General Statutes § 53a-172(a). ¹ The defendant claims that the trial court improperly (1) found that the evidence was sufficient to sustain his conviction of failure to appear in the first degree, (2) charged the jury that it could infer the essential element of wilfulness from its conclusions relating to the other elements of the offense, and (3) charged the jury on the definition of wilfulness. We affirm the judgment of the trial court.

The jury reasonably could have found the following facts. On Friday, April 24, 1992, the defendant pleaded not guilty to a charge of robbery in the first degree and elected to be tried by jury. Jury selection commenced immediately thereafter with the state's attorney, the defense counsel, the trial judge and the defendant present. On Tuesday, April 28, 1992, jury selection resumed with those same individuals present. After the jury was selected, the court ordered the defendant to appear at 10 a.m. on Wednesday, April 29, 1992, to begin trial. The defendant did not appear in court on April 29. On April 30, the defendant again failed to appear and the court ordered that he be rearrested.

The defendant presented evidence that on April 29 he had a sore foot and sought treatment at the Southwest Community Health Clinic. The defendant's mother testified that she saw the defendant at about 9 a.m. on April 29 before he left the house and that, at that time, the defendant had an injured foot. She did not see the defendant again until sometime after 5 or 6 p.m. that evening. The defendant also introduced into evidence a sign in sheet from the health clinic, which contained the defendant's name with a 9:55 a.m. sign in time. Cathy Yacavone, chief operations officer at the clinic, testified that she checked the clinic's medical records and found none for the defendant. Yacavone also testified that the sign in sheet served security purposes only and could not be relied on to determine whether a person was treated at the health clinic.

I

The defendant claims that the evidence was insufficient to sustain a conviction for failure to appear because the state did not prove that the failure to appear was wilful. ² We disagree. "When an appeal challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to justify a verdict of guilty, we have a two-fold task. We first review the evidence presented at the trial, construing it in the light most favorable to sustaining the verdict.... We then determine whether the jury could have reasonably concluded, upon the facts established and the inferences reasonably drawn therefrom, that the cumulative effect of the evidence established guilt beyond a reasonable doubt." (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Jones, 234 Conn. 324, 331, 662 A.2d 1199 (1995).

"In order to prove the 'wilful' element of General Statutes § 53a-172, the state must prove beyond a reasonable doubt either that the defendant received and deliberately ignored a notice to appear or that he intentionally embarked on a course of conduct designed to prevent him from receiving such notice." State v. Candito, 4 Conn.App. 154, 157, 493 A.2d 250 (1985). In this case, the defendant's mother testified that on the morning of April 29, 1992, the defendant had an injured foot and was walking with a limp. She stated that the defendant left her house on foot at about 9 a.m. without calling an ambulance or other transportation. She also testified that the defendant returned home at about 5 or 6 p.m. and was at home the following day. The jury reasonably could infer from the evidence presented that the defendant was well enough to travel to the courthouse, or to telephone the court, the prosecutor or his attorney to explain his need for medical care. See State v. Turmon, 34 Conn.App. 191, 195-96, 641 A.2d 138, cert. denied, 229 Conn. 922, 642 A.2d 1216 (1994). On the basis of these facts, we find that the jury reasonably could have concluded that the defendant deliberately ignored the trial court's order to appear.

II

The defendant next claims that the trial court improperly instructed the jury that it could infer the element of wilfulness if it found that the defendant had notice of the time and date to appear in court and that he failed to appear. ³ In State v. Turmon, supra, 34 Conn.App. at 201, 641 A.2d 138, this court found that the language of an identical jury instruction "proposes an entirely permissive inference or presumption that suggests a possible conclusion to be drawn, but does not require the jury to draw that conclusion.... In the context of the entire charge, the jury could not have misunderstood the court's instruction to require a conclusion be drawn because the court's use of the word 'may' contradicts such a possibility." ⁴ (Emphasis in original.)

The jury is not barred from drawing inferences consistent with guilt when viewing evidence which could yield contrary inferences. "The rule is that the jury's function is to draw whatever inferences from the evidence or facts established by the evidence it deems to be reasonable and logical...." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Sivri, 231 Conn. 115, 132-33, 646 A.2d 169 (1994). We conclude that the trial court's instruction allowed the jury to draw only those inferences supported by the evidence in this case.

III

The defendant also claims that the trial court improperly instructed the jury on the definition of "wilfulness." ⁵ The defendant claims that the definition used by the trial court was improper because it did not instruct the jury that the state was required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant (1) received and deliberately ignored a notice to appear or (2) intentionally embarked on a course of conduct designed to prevent him from receiving such notice. See State v. Turmon, supra, 34 Conn.App. at 199, 641 A.2d 138. At trial, the defendant neither submitted a written request to charge nor took an exception to the charge.

In cases where the defendant neither filed a request to charge nor excepted to the charge, our review of the jury instruction is limited to whether the trial court improperly denied the...