State v. Lawson
| Decision Date | 17 June 1980 |
| Docket Number | No. 13949,13949 |
| Citation | 267 S.E.2d 438,165 W.Va. 119 |
| Court | West Virginia Supreme Court |
| Parties | STATE of West Virginia v. Ira L. "Corky" LAWSON. |
Syllabus by the Court
1. In a prosecution for statutory rape, where the victim alleges that the incident resulted in her pregnancy because she had engaged in sexual intercourse only on the one occasion in question, the defendant has a right to blood grouping tests to determine parentage of the victim's child.
2. "Where in a criminal proceeding there is no error other than in the entry of the judgment imposing sentence, the judgment should be reversed and the case remanded for proper judgment of sentence to be entered by the trial court." Syl. pt. 7, State v. Beacraft, 126 W.Va. 895, 30 S.E.2d 541 (1944), citing, Syl. pt. 5, State v. Fisher, 126 W.Va. 117, 27 S.E.2d 581 (1943).
E. Dennis White, Jr. and Bernard T. Nibert, II, Huntington, for Lawson.
Chauncey H. Browning, Atty. Gen., Richard L. Earles, Asst. Atty. Gen., Charleston, for State.
Ira L. "Corky" Lawson appeals his statutory rape conviction in the Circuit Court of Lincoln County. Appellant contends that he was denied access to evidence that could have been exculpatory because the court refused to grant a continuance until the victim's baby was born so that a blood grouping test to determine paternity could be performed. In addition, appellant argues that the circuit court erred by improperly sentencing him to an indeterminate sentence of ten to twenty years in the West Virginia penitentiary since W.Va.Code, 61-11-16 (1965) requires a definite sentence. 1 We agree with the appellant and remand this case for the limited purpose of correcting these two errors, but if the evidence from the blood test does not establish that the defendant is not the father, the sentence, once it is made definite, will be reentered.
The facts surrounding the alleged rape are in dispute; the victim's family claim that the rape occurred on 17 January 1975 when the victim was left at the home of the defendant while the victim's mother and the defendant's mother went to a club for the evening, while the defendant's mother claims that the victim spent the night at the defendant's home on only one occasion, 28 December 1974, the birthday of the defendant's sister who was a friend of the victim. Each family has a conflicting view of the facts surrounding the alleged rape, but the State produced one witness, Wendell Weisong, who testified that the appellant had said to him, "I think she (the victim) is pregnant and it is by me." The victim testified that she had never engaged in sexual intercourse before the alleged act of the defendant.
In our case the matter of the paternity of the child is not the central issue, but rather whether the defendant committed statutory rape as defined in W.Va.Code, § 61-2-15 (1965). 2 However, the paternity of the child is a relevant fact in this case because the victim testified that this was the only instance of sexual intercourse in which she had engaged. Thus, if the defendant had been able to establish by a blood test that he could not possibly have fathered the child, he would have effectively impeached the victim's testimony. 3 We are not unmindful of the fact that the trial court had one disinterested witness who testified against the defendant; however, we believe that the defendant was entitled to his continuance to secure potentially exculpatory evidence.
We do not believe, however, that the failure to grant the defendant's motion for a continuance constitutes an error that demands an automatic reversal of the defendant's conviction. Therefore, we remand this case on the limited basis that the trial court should order blood tests performed upon the child, victim, and the defendant. If the blood tests establish lack of paternity, then the defendant's motion for a new trial should be granted; however, if they are merely inconclusive, the conviction should stand. The issue is analogous to the situation before our Court in State v. Brewster, W.Va., 261 S.E.2d 77 (1979) where the State required the defendant to be tried in physical restraints. Our Court did not reverse this conviction but rather remanded the case for a hearing to determine if there were sufficient facts to warrant trying the defendant in handcuffs, and if the trial court found that the defendant should have been so tried, the conviction would be reentered; alternatively, if the trial court found the evidence to be insufficient, a new trial was to be accorded the defendant. 4
We will also remand this case to allow the court to sentence the defendant to a definite term since he was sentenced by the court to a term of not less than ten nor more than twenty years. The prior West Virginia statute, W.Va.Code, § 61-11-16 (1941) provided that the sentence of imprisonment in the penitentiary shall be for a definite term, or for life, as the court may determine. In State v. Beacraft, 126 W.Va. 895, 30 S.E.2d 541 (1944), our Court found that the defendant in a rape trial, convicted with a recommendation for mercy, should be sentenced to a definite term of years; however, that Court found that the lower court's imposition of an indefinite term merited...
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