State v. Lehmann

Decision Date04 October 1971
PartiesSTATE of Oregon, Respondent, v. Charles Walter LEHMANN, Appellant.
CourtOregon Court of Appeals

J. Marvin Kuhn, Deputy Public Defender, Salem, argued the cause for appellant. With him on the brief was Gary D. Babcock, Public Defender, Salem.

James C. Farrell, Deputy Dist. Atty., Roseburg, argued the cause for respondent. With him on the brief was Doyle L. Schiffman, Dist. Atty., Roseburg.

Before SCHWAB, C.J., and FOLEY and THORNTON, JJ.

THORNTON, Judge.

Defendant appeals from a conviction of unlawful possession of narcotics under ORS 474.020. He contends that the court erred in admitting, over objection, the evidence of possession of narcotics on dates subsequent to the date charged in the indictment.

Prior to the taking of testimony, the state elected to rely on July 3, 1970, as the date when the offense was committed. The state presented testimony of a state police officer that he had purchased marihuana from defendant on June 30, 1970, and July 3, 1970. An officer of the Roseburg City Police Department, working independently and without knowledge of the state officer's activities, testified, over objection, that he purchased marihuana from the defendant on July 4, 7 and 8, 1970. The defendant did not offer any evidence.

Defendant contends that, while evidence of the commission of prior like offenses is relevant and admissible to show intent on the date in question, evidence of the commission of subsequent like offenses is not relevant to the issue of intent on the questioned date and, therefore, is inadmissible.

Oregon follows the general rule that evidence of the commission of other crimes by a defendant in a criminal case is generally inadmissible. State v. Woolard, 2 Or.App. 446, 448, 467 P.2d 652, Sup.Ct. review denied (1970). Exceptions to the general rule have been made where the evidence of other crimes is relevant to an issue in the case, other than merely to show criminal propensity.

These exceptions have been enumerated in many Oregon cases. These exceptions permit evidence of other offenses when it tends to show (1) motive, (2) intent, (3) the absence of mistake or accident, (4) common scheme or plan, and (5) the identity of the person charged. State v. Gillis, 154 Or. 232, 59 P.2d 679 (1936); State v. Casey, 108 Or. 386, 213 P. 771, 217 P. 632 (1923); State v. Woolard, supra.

The list is not all-inclusive. McCormick, Evidence 326, 327--31, § 157 (1954), mentions 10 exceptions and states, 'that the list is not complete, for the range of relevancy outside the ban is almost infinite.' Quoted with approval in State v. Hamilton, Or.App., with approval in State v. Hamilton, Or.App., Sup.Ct. review denied (1971).

Where evidence of the commission of like offenses has been offered to show the intent of the defendant on the date of the charged offense, Oregon cases have not distinguished between prior and subsequent offenses. State v. McGowan, 218 Or. 455, 345 P.2d 831 (1959) (knowingly uttering and publishing a forged bank check); State v. Ankeny, 185 Or. 549, 204 P.2d 133 (1949) (larceny by bailee); State v. Albert, 159 Or. 667, 82 P.2d 689 (1938) (concealing stolen property); State v. Kibler, 1 Or.App. 208, 461 P.2d 72 (1969) (concealing stolen property). We see no persuasive reasons for distinguishing narcotics offenses from other offenses in the application of the above rule. See State v. Hames, 74 Wash.2d 721, 446 P.2d 344 (1968); People v. Sanders, 163 Cal.App.2d 132, 328 P.2d 825 (1958).

We believe that the evidence of subsequent sales of marihuana here has independent relevance on the issue of defendant's intent on the date charged. If this were the only consideration, we could conclude the matter here; however, once independent relevance is established this relevance must be balanced against the prejudice inherent in the use of such evidence. Some of the factors to be balanced are:

'* * * (T)he actual need for the other-crimes-evidence in the light of the issues and the other evidence available to the prosecution, the...

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23 cases
  • State v. Engen
    • United States
    • Oregon Court of Appeals
    • December 29, 1999
    ...or addiction-sustaining liability similar to morphine or cocaine, from the publication of such finding." 11. In State v. Lehmann, 6 Or.App. 600, 603-04, 488 P.2d 1383 (1971), in addressing the admissibility of evidence of the defendant's subsequent sales of marijuana, we stated that, "[a]lt......
  • State v. Harshman
    • United States
    • Oregon Court of Appeals
    • February 16, 1983
    ...are made for showing motive, intent, the absence of mistake or accident, common scheme or plan and identity. State v. Lehmann, 6 Or.App. 600, 602, 488 P.2d 1383 (1971). The list of exceptions may be limitless. McCormick, Evidence 446, § 189 (2d ed 1972). 5 The exceptions, however, do not "o......
  • State v. Fleischman
    • United States
    • Oregon Court of Appeals
    • March 30, 1972
    ...inadmissible, the courts have recognized numerous exceptions. For a discussion of some of these exceptions, see State v. Lehmann, Or.App., 93 Adv.Sh. 672, 488 P.2d 1383 (1971); State v. Hamilton, Or.App., 92 Adv.Sh. 575, 483 P.2d 90, Sup.Ct. review denied (1971); State v. Woolard, 2 Or.App.......
  • State v. Hockings
    • United States
    • Oregon Court of Appeals
    • April 11, 1977
    ...will probably be roused by the evidence to overmastering hostility.' McCormick, Evidence 326, 332, § 157 (1954).' State v. Lehmann, 6 Or.App. 600, 488 P.2d 1383 (1971); State v. Williams, In this case the evidence linking defendant with the murders was circumstantial, consequently, it was o......
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