State v. Manning

• Citation: 110 S.E.2d 474,251 N.C. 1
• Decision Date: 14 October 1959
• Docket Number: No. 219,219
• Court: North Carolina Supreme Court
• Parties: STATE, v. Odis MANNING.

Page 474

110 S.E.2d 474

251 N.C. 1

STATE, v. Odis MANNING.

No. 219

Supreme Court of North Carolina.

Oct. 14, 1959

Malcolm B. Seawell, Atty. Gen., Claude L. Love, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.

Cameron S. Weeks, T. Chandler Muse, Tarboro, for defendant appellant.

WINBORNE, Chief Justice.

For error in the course of the trial of this case in Superior Court as revealed on the face of the case on appeal indicated by exceptions Numbers 1 to 6, both inclusive, on which assignments of error of like numbers are predicated, this Court is, in the light of the statute. G.S. § 14-17 as interpreted and applied in repeated decisions of the Court, impelled to order a new trial.

In this connection the statute, G.S. § 14-17, as amended by the General Assembly of North Carolina, Section 1 of Chapter 299 of 1949 Session Laws of North Carolina, provides that 'A murder which shall be perpetrated by means of poison, lying in wait, imprisonment, starving, torture, or by any other kind of willful, deliberate and premeditated killing, or which shall be committed in the perpetration or attempt to perpetrate any arson, rape, robbery, burglary or other felony, shall be deemed to be murder in the first degree and shall be punished with death: Provided, if at the time of rendering its verdict in open court the jury shall so recommend, the punishment shall be imprisonment for life in the State's prison, and the court shall so instruct the jury. All other kinds of murder shall be deemed murder in the second degree, and shall be punished' etc.

The proviso embraces the 1949 amendment, and has been the subject of discussion in several cases--State v. McMillan, 233 N.C. 630, 65 S.E.2d 212; State v. Marsh, 234 N.C. 101, 66 S.E.2d 684; State v. Simmons, 234 N.C. 290, 66 S.E.2d 897; Id., 236 N.C. 340, 72 S.E.2d 743; State v. Dockery, 238 N.C. 222, 77 S.E.2d 664; State v. Conner, 241 N.C. 468, 85 S.E.2d 584; State v. Carter, 243 N.C. 106, 89 S.E.2d 789; State v. Adams, 243 N.C. 290, 90 S.E.2d 383; State v. Cook, 245 N.C. 610, 96 S.E.2d 842; State v. Denny, 249 N.C. 113, 105 S.E.2d 446; State v. Oakes, 249 N.C. 282, 106 S.E.2d 206; State v. Pugh, 250 N.C. 278, 108 S.E.2d 649, and perhaps others.

As interpreted in the McMillan case, above cited, decided in May 1951, this Court, speaking of the proviso embraced in the 1949 amendment, had this to say: 'The language of this amendment stands in bold relief. It is plain and free from ambiguity and expresses a single, definite and sensible meaning,--a meaning which under the settled law of this State is conclusively presumed to be the one intended by the Legislature.' (citing cases) [233 N.C. 630, 65 S.E.2d 213.] And, continuing, the Court declared: 'It is patent that the sole purpose of the act is to give to the jury in all cases where a verdict of guilty of murder in the first degree shall have been reached, the right to recommend that the punishment for the crime shall be imprisonment for life in the State's prison * * * No conditions are attached to, and no qualifications or limitations are imposed upon, the right of the jury to so recommend. It is an unbridled discretionary right. And it is incumbent upon the court to so instruct the jury. In this, the defendant has a substantive right. Therefore, any instruction, charge or suggestion as as to the causes for which the jury could or ought to recommend is error sufficient to set aside a verdict where no recommendation is made.' And new trials have been granted from time to time in case after case as above enumerated--for violations of the terms of the proviso in G.S. § 14-17.

Applying these principles to the subject matter of exceptions Numbers 1 to 6, both inclusive, hereinabove set forth, it is manifest that the terms of the proviso set out in G.S. § 14-17 have been violated and the rights of defendant impinged. True the trial judge did what he could to counteract the harmful result of the remarks of the Solicitor. But as stated by this Court in State v. Canipe, 240 N.C. 60, 81 S.E.2d 173, 177, in opinion by Ervin, J., when such occurs, 'it is virtually impossible for the judge to remove the prejudicial impression from the minds of the trial jurors by anything which he may afterwards say to them by way of atonement or explanation,' citing cases.

Where, however, the harm is done the court may not eradicate the wrong. Such is the case in hand in respect to the first assignment of error. Moreover it is seen that in regard to the matters to which assignments of error Nos. 2 to 6, both inclusive, relate, the trial court overruled the objections of defendant and permitted the Solicitor to tell the prospective jurors the State was seeking a verdict of guilty of murder in the first degree without recommendation for life imprisonment,--a manifest violation of the provisions of the proviso in G.S. § 14-17.

'Every person charged with crime has an absolute right to a fair trial. By this is meant that he is entitled to a trial before an impartial judge and an unprejudiced jury in an atmosphere of judicial calm * * * The responsibility for enforcing this right necessarily rests upon the trial judge.' State v. Carter, 233 N.C. 581, 65 S.E.2d 9, 10.

Furthermore defendant assigned as error the refusal of the trial court to instruct the jury concerning the law of manslaughter and the circumstances in the case under which the jury would be permitted to return a verdict of manslaughter. Assignment of error No. 23. Exception No. 45. In respect to this contention this Court is of opinion that the fact that defendant and his wife were together in the woods 10 minutes (R. p. 32), as the State's evidence tends to show, before any shots were heard is a circumstance that requires a charge on manslaughter.

The evidence discloses that there were no eye witnesses to the shooting, and no one of the State's witnesses knows what actually took place on this occasion. It rests in speculation.

The matters to which other assignments of error relate may not recur on a new trial. Hence it is not deemed necessary that they be treated on this appeal.

There must be a

New trial.

HIGGINS, J., not sitting.

BOBBITT, Justice (concurring in result).

In my opinion, a new trial should be awarded on either or both of two grounds, viz.:

1. Defendant, in his testimony, denied that he intended to kill his wife and disavowed knowledge that he had done so. In short, there was no admission that defendant intentionally shot his wife and thereby caused her death. Under these circumstances, the court erred in excluding from jury consideration whether defendant was guilty of manslaughter.

2. The solicitor's statement, to which Exception 1 relates, was of such nature that the court's instruction could not and did not cure the prejudicial effect thereof. Had the defendant tendered, and had the solicitor or the court refused, a plea of guilty of murder in the first degree? If such plea had been tendered and accepted, with the court's approval, the punishment would have been life imprisonment. G.S. § 15-162.1. The statement that the 'sole and only purpose of this trial' was to determine whether defendant should die in the gas chamber would be true only if such plea had been tendered and refused. Hence, the solicitor's statement would seem to imply that defendant had tendered a plea of guilty of murder in the first degree. G.S. § 15-162.1 provides: 'Upon rejection of such plea, the trial shall be upon the defendant's plea of not guilty, and such tender shall have no legal significance whatever.'

It was permissible, in my opinion, for the solicitor to state to prospective jurors that the State sought a verdict of guilty of murder in the first degree without a recommendation by the jury that the punishment be imprisonment for life and that, if such verdict were returned, the punishment under G.S. § 14-17 would be death.

I do not understand that any of the members of this Court entertain the opinion that the General Assembly, by the enactment of G.S. § 14-17, intended to abolish capital punishment. Nor has it been stated or suggested that the State may not challenge a prospective juror for cause if he declares on voir dire that he has conscientious scruples against capital punishment, that is, that he could not in good conscience under any circumstances return a verdict on which the court would be legally required to pronounce a death sentence.

It would seem that a challenge for cause on the ground indicated would clearly imply that the State contended that the verdict should be a verdict requiring imposition of the death penalty.

After the jury has been selected and impaneled: If it finds the defendant guilty of murder in the first degree, whether it will add to the verdict the recommendation that the punishment be imprisonment for life rests entirely within the discretion of the jury. The jury's discretion is 'absolute' and 'unbridled' in the sense that there is no rule of law by which the jury is to be guided in making this decision.

While the jury's power of decision is 'absolute' or 'unbridled,' it does not follow that the State's counsel and the defense counsel may not submit their respective contentions for jury consideration.

While still of the opinion that a new trial was properly awarded in State v. Oakes, 249 N.C. 282, 106 S.E.2d 206, on the other grounds set forth in the opinion, I am convinced that we went too far in holding erroneous the trial court's statement (without elaboration) that the State contended the jury should return a verdict of guilty of murder in the first degree without a recommendation that the punishment be imprisonment for life.

As to State v. Pugh, 250 N.C. 278, 108 S.E.2d 649, I take a different view. There the presiding judge undertook to review the respective contentions of the State and of the defendant as to why the jury, if they found the defendant guilty of murder in the first degree, should not or should recommend life imprisonment. The...