State v. Marcum

• Citation: 62 N.W.2d 238,245 Iowa 396
• Decision Date: 12 January 1954
• Docket Number: No. 48297,48297
• Parties: STATE v. MARCUM.
• Court: United States State Supreme Court of Iowa

Page 238

62 N.W.2d 238

245 Iowa 396

STATE v. MARCUM.

No. 48297.

Supreme Court of Iowa.

Jan. 12, 1954.

Leo Hoegh, Atty. Gen., Raphael R. R. Dvorak, Asst. Atty. Gen., Clyde E. Herring, County Atty., and Luther T. Glanton, Jr., Asst. County Atty., Des Moines, for appellant.

George E. Flagg, Des Moines, for appellee.

LARSON, Justice.

The state appealed defendant's acquittal on an O.M.V.I. charge assigning as error the court's exclusion of a written statement 'purporting to be a confession.' The state claimed the court erred because (1) 'an accident report is admissible in a criminal case within the meaning of Section 321.271 of the 1950 Code of Iowa [I.C.A.],' and (2) 'the same is not in fact an accident report * * * but an admission against interest, and if such be an accident report the privilege is waived.' This statement started out as follows:

'To Whom It May Concern:

'I make this statement voluntarily, and of my own free will and accord, without threat or promise of any leniency whatever, knowing that it may be used against me in court. I know this statement is not a part of my State Motor Vehicle Accident Report, nor a part of any other report required of me by law. I do not regard this statement as confidential in any way.'

Then followed a statement of how the accident occurred including, 'Me and another guy had a bottle of beer before I went to work.' The alleged statement was taken about six hours after the accident and bore defendant's signature. There was no showing that the total damage amounted to $50 or more. The other party left the scene immediately and is unknown.

Defendant denied he signed the statement, denied that the first paragraph was a part of any statement he gave the officer, although he acknowledged his signature was attached to the statement, and claimed that he was told by the officers that he must give a report on the accident and that such statement could not be used against hime. He also denied actually being the driver of the car, claiming that his friend drove, and further stated that he had admitted he was the driver at the time of the arrest in an effort to avoid trouble with his insurance company.

I. It is well settled that the state may appeal from a judgment in a criminal case which is adverse to it. Section 793.20, Code of Iowa 1950, I.C.A.; State v. Wickett, 230 Iowa 1182, 300 N.W. 268, and cases cited therein; State v. Traas, 230 Iowa 826, 298 N.W. 862, and cases cited therein. But this right is subject to certain limitations. State v. Little, 210 Iowa 371, 228 N.W. 67, 69, wherein we said:

'The purpose of section 14012 (now 793.20) can hardly be misunderstood. It is to secure review by the higher court of erroneous rulings by the district court on questions of law which may be of use of the court and the profession in the administration of the criminal law. * * * Nothing could be more useless than appeals by the state from rulings directing verdicts of acquittal unless a question of law other than the mere sufficiency of the evidence to sustain a conviction is involved.' (Italics ours.)

II. The statute does not contemplate an appeal in a case in which the only error alleged is that the court incorrectly decided that the evidence was not sufficient to warrant a submission of an issue to the jury. State v. Little, supra; State v. Spears, 123 Ark. 449, 185 S.W. 788. The court's ruling herein seems to fall in that category, for the substance of it was that the state's proof of admissibility was found insufficient. The state now speculates as to the reasons motivating the court's ruling.

III. It is elementary that this court does not determine such questions of fact nor pass upon them when not decided by the trial court or jury in the first instance. Our sole duty is to determine the proper rules of law applicable to facts previously decided. Allman v. Gilbert, 14 Iowa 538; State v. Kneedy, 232 Iowa 21, 3 N.W.2d 611; State v. Traas, 230 Iowa 826, 298 N.W. 862; State v. Woodruff, 208 Iowa 236, 245, 225 N.W. 254, 257. While it is clear the state desires a decision on the question of whether or not an accident report is admissible in a criminal case, either with or without the consent of the defendant, that question cannot be decided in this appeal. We are not disposed to consider questions of grave importance that do not affirmatively arise on the record. State v. Gunn, 106 Iowa 120, 76 N.W. 510. This court must confine itself to the correction of errors at law and a possible review of facts determined from the evidence introduced below. 58 I.C.A. Rule 334, Rules of Civil Procedure, Code of Iowa 1950. The rule is stated in State v. Kneedy, supra, 232 Iowa at page 27, 3 N.W.2d at page 615, as follows:

'It is neither our duty nor privilege to decide disputed fact questions. That is the function of the jury, whose conclusion is binding upon us unless we are satisfied it is without substantial support in the evidence.'

In the case at bar the statement was not specifically excluded by the court for the reason that it was an accident report, though it may have considered that factor in its decision. What were the facts? In the trial below, the state maintained that the statement was a confession and not an accident report. The testimony of the officer was that it was not such an accident as required a report and that they so informed the defendant, although it is true the defendant testified that he was informed he must make a report and gave information on that understanding. Defendant's objection to this offered evidence was that it was 'incompetent, irrelevant and immaterial, no proper foundation laid, no proper corroboration to show that the statement was given freely and voluntarily,' and no showing that defendant 'knew what he was doing, that he was intoxicated.' We must be provided a decision as to the facts, facts that would justify the determination of the law issues raised in the...