State v. Marks, 39043

• Decision Date: 25 May 1967
• Docket Number: No. 39043,39043
• Citation: 427 P.2d 1008,71 Wn.2d 295
• Court: Washington Supreme Court
• Parties: STATE of Washington, Appellant, v. Floyd D. MARKS, Respondent.

Page 295

71 Wn.2d 295

427 P.2d 1008

STATE of Washington, Appellant, v.Floyd D. MARKS, Respondent.

No. 39043.

Supreme Court of Washington, Department 2.

May 25, 1967.

George A. Kain, Pros.Atty., Spokane, Lee A. Larson, Deputy Pros.Atty., for appellant.

Hamblen, Gilbert & Brooke, William F. Nielsen, Spokane, for respondent.

DONWORTH, Judge.

Respondent, Floyd D. Marks, was charged by substitute information filed in superior court in Spokane County, with two counts of indecent liberties, committed on or about June 20, 1965, and August 24, 1965, on the person of a female child under the age of 15 years, to wit, 9 years of age.The original information had charged two counts of sodomy.

The trial began on May 16, 1966, and the case was submitted to the jury the following day.On May 18, 1966, the jury returned to the courtroom, and the foreman reported that, after having deliberated during the preceding 22 hours, the jury was unable to reach a verdict.His statement to the court was that the members of the jury were fairly far apart, and had indicated that they intended to stick to their decisions.The court told the jury:

I think you had better deliberate a little while longer to see if you can't reach an agreement.You may go back and continue your deliberations.

Approximately an hour and a half later, the jury returned and rendered a verdict of guilty on both counts.

On June 1, 1966, a hearing was had on respondent's motion for a new trial.After hearing, the court granted the motion, and, in accordance with Rule of Pleadings, Practice and Procedure 59.04W, in its written order stated 8 reasons for its ruling.

The state thereupon instituted this appeal, its sole assignment of error being that the trial court erred in setting aside the jury verdicts and in granting a new trial.Appellant's essential contention is that the trial court granted the motion for a new trial merely because it disagreed with the jury verdicts.

If this were the case, of course, the trial court's decision could not stand.SeeKnecht v. Marzano, 65 Wash.2d 290, 396 P.2d 782(1964);Bunnell v. Barr, 68 Wash.2d 771, 415 P.2d 640(1966).However, unless the reasons given by the trial court for granting a new trial are based merely upon a disagreement with the jury verdicts, the order of the trial court must be affirmed.

The reasons given by the trial court in its written order were:

1.There was no evidence that prosecuting witness, (name omitted), made timely complaint of alleged indecent liberties and no corroboration of any sort.

2.Due to surrounding circumstances there exists the possibility that prosecuting witness' testimony was influenced by a vindictive mother.

3.Mother, in effect, present in courtroom through presence of an older daughter.

4.Prosecuting witness' qualifications to testify marginal and doubtful.

5.Nature of alleged crime, criminal record of defendant and makeup of jury (ten women)(and two men) contributed to possible passion and prejudice on part of the jury.

6.Jury ordered by court to continue deliberations after professing to be in an impossible deadlock and returned a short time thereafter with guilty verdicts.

7.Prosecuting witness appeared to be inconsistent in her explanations of failure to make timely complaint and admitted to relying on mother for dates and other details.

8.As well as any other reasons given by the court in its oral opinion rendered June 1, 1966: all of the which amounts to a failure of substantial justice.

These reasons, stated in the written order, are substantially the same as those given in the court's oral opinion granting respondent's motion.Since the written order expressly incorporates, by reference, the oral statement, we shall, on occasion, refer to the oral opinion for the purpose of clarification.

We are of the opinion that the most compelling of the reasons stated by the trial court is number 4, relating to the competence of the complaining witness to testify.We note that voir dire examination of the little girl consumed some 17 pages of the record, during which the trial court twice expressed the view that the witness was not competent to testify.

Appellant stresses the fact that the examination was conducted in the presence of the jury, and that, therefore, the jury had a sufficient opportunity to determine for themselves the competence of the complaining witness and assess what weight should be given her testimony.

But the question presented is not the weight to be given the child's testimony; it is whether she should have been permitted to testify at all.The question of law as to the competency of a witness to testify is solely for the court to decide.The jury has nothing to do with that problem.

In State v. Allen, 70 Wash.Dec.2d 666, 668, 424 P.2d 1021, 1022(1967), we said:

The true test of the competency of a young child as a witness consists of the following: (1) an understanding of the obligation to speak the truth on the witness stand; (2) the mental capacity at the time of the occurrence concerning which he is to testify, to receive an accurate impression of it; (3) a memory sufficient to retain an independent recollection of the occurrence; (4) the capacity to express in words his memory of the occurrence; and (5) the capacity to understand simple questions about it.

The determination of the witness's ability to meet the requirements of this test * * * rest primarily with the trial judge who sees the witness, notices his manner, and considers his capacity and intelligence.These are matters that are not reflected in the written record for appellate review.Their determination lies within the sound discretion of the trial judge and will not be disturbed on appeal in the absence of proof of a manifest abuse of discretion.State v. Ridley, 61 Wash.2d 457, 378 P.2d 700(1963), and authorities cited.(Italics ours.)

See, also, Stafford, The Child as a Witness, 37 Wash.L.Rev. 303(1962).

In its oral opinion granting a new trial, the court stated:

(T)here was a very, very great doubt as to whether or not the alleged victim was qualified to testify at all.

We share the trial court's misgivings concerning the witness' qualifications, particularly with regard to provision (1) of the test stated in State v. Allen, supra, especially when viewed in the context of the circumstances of this case.

The first of those circumstances is indicated by the trial court's stated reason number 1 in support of its order relating to the ancient doctrine of 'hue and cry.'SeeState v. Murley, 35 Wash.2d 233, 212 P.2d 801(1949).In the present case, the alleged offenses occurred on or about June 20, 1965, and August 24, 1965.No mention of the incidents was made to anyone by the complaining witness until sometime after the had returned to school in September, 1965.

Closely related is the trial court's stated reason number 7, to wit, that the prosecuting witness appeared to be inconsistent in her explanations for failure to make timely complaint, and her admission that she relied on her mother for dates and other details.Following the state's case, respondent made a motion to dismiss the information for insufficiency of the evidence.One ground for such motion was the failure of timely complaint on the part of the prosecuting witness.

Although the court denied the motion, it observed:

She testified yesterday the reason she didn't tell was because she promised the defendantshe wouldn't tell, and didn't until she got mad at him * * *

She also told somebody, who told you (the prosecutor), who told me, that she didn't tell because she was afraid of the defendant until he was locked up.Two inconsistent stories, which troubles me some.

* * * I think it is true that the tardiness of the complaint certainly casts considerable doubt upon its correctness.But I agree also with the...