State v. Newby
| Decision Date | 26 July 1989 |
| Parties | STATE of Oregon, Respondent, v. Arthur William NEWBY, Appellant. 86-971; CA A45352. |
| Court | Oregon Court of Appeals |
Wm. Timothy Lyons, Oregon City, argued the cause for appellant. With him on the brief was J. Kevin Hunt, Oregon City.
Christine Chute, Asst. Atty. Gen., Salem, argued the cause for respondent. With her on the brief were Dave Frohnmayer, Atty. Gen., and Virginia L. Linder, Sol. Gen., Salem.
Before RICHARDSON, P.J., and NEWMAN and DEITS, JJ.
Defendant appeals the judgment on his jury conviction for sodomy in the first degree. ORS 163.405. He contends that the court erred in admitting hearsay testimony and in not granting his motion for a mistrial. We affirm.
Defendant was indicted for rape in the first degree, ORS 163.375, and sodomy in the first degree, ORS 163.405, arising from conduct involving his daughter, who was then six years old. 1 At the time of trial, she was eight years old. She testified that, while she was visiting defendant at his home in the summer of 1985, 2 he took her into his room, made her undress, took off his clothes, touched her "private spot" and put his penis in her mouth. She also testified that she did not report the incident to her mother until March, 1986, because defendant had threatened to kill her mother if she did.
After the victim had testified, two physicians testified about their interviews with and examinations of her. Both physicians recounted her identification of defendant as the person who had abused her and her statements concerning the incident. Their recitation of what the victim had said was similar to her testimony. The court allowed the doctors' testimony over defendant's pretrial objection and his objection during the first doctor's testimony that it was inadmissible hearsay. The jury found defendant guilty of first degree sodomy and not guilty of rape in the first degree.
Defendant objected to the physicians' testimony only on the ground that it was hearsay. The state argued that the testimony was admissible as a statement for medical diagnosis or treatment. OEC 803(4). That rule provides that certain statements are not excluded as hearsay, even though the declarant is available as a witness:
"Statements made for purposes of medical diagnosis or treatment and describing medical history, or past or present symptoms, pain or sensations, or the inception or general character of the cause of external source thereof in so far as reasonably pertinent to diagnosis or treatment."
The state argues that, under State v. Vosika, 83 Or.App. 298, 731 P.2d 449, clarified 85 Or.App. 148, 735 P.2d 1273 (1987), the evidence is admissible, despite the fact that it identified defendant as the perpetrator. See OEC 803(18a). In Vosika, we adopted an interpretation of OEC 803(4) that paralleled the interpretation of FRE 803(4) in United States v. Iron Shell, 633 F.2d 77 (8th Cir.1980), cert. den. 450 U.S. 1001, 101 S.Ct. 1709, 68 L.Ed.2d 203 (1981). First, the declarant's motive in making the statement to the medical provider must be to promote treatment or diagnosis and, second, the content of the statement must be such as the provider would reasonably rely on in treatment or diagnosis. We held that the three-year-old declarant was too young to understand the purposes of her statements to the physician and that his testimony regarding her statements was not admissible under OEC 803(4). We did conclude, however, that the child's statements to the doctor met the second part of the Iron Shell test. It was, we said, important for diagnosis and treatment for the physician to know, inter alia, the identity of the victim's abuser.
Unlike in Vosika, the record here supports a finding that the victim understood that she was being interviewed and examined by the doctors for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment. At the time of the physical examination, the victim was seven years old. The child's mother accompanied her to the doctor's offices for the examination. She testified on direct examination:
Dr. Bays also testified about her first encounter with the victim:
(Emphasis supplied.)
There is no basis to conclude that a seven-year-old child cannot or that this child did not understand that the purpose of the interviews was for diagnosis or treatment related to child abuse.
Here, as in Vosika, the victim's statements were such as a physician would reasonably rely on for diagnosis or treatment. Dr. Bays, one of the examining physicians, testified that she needed a complete history, including the name of the abuser, in order to diagnose child abuse properly and to treat the resulting physical and psychological harm. The court did not err in overruling defendant's objection to the testimony.
Defendant also contends that the court erred in denying his motion for mistrial. The mother of the victim had been married to defendant at the time of the crime, but the marriage had been dissolved before trial. The mother testified that she and defendant had separated a number of times during the marriage and that the last separation was in January, 1983. The prosecutor then asked:
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