State v. Nunes

• Court: Rhode Island Supreme Court
• Writing for the Court: WILLIAMS, Chief Justice.
• Citation: State v. Nunes, 788 A.2d 460 (R.I. 2002)
• Decision Date: 14 January 2002
• Docket Number: No. 2000-449-C.A.,2000-449-C.A.
• Parties: STATE v. Keith NUNES.

788 A.2d 460

STATE v. Keith NUNES.

No. 2000-449-C.A.

Supreme Court of Rhode Island.

January 14, 2002.

Present WILLIAMS, C.J., LEDERBERG, BOURCIER, FLANDERS, and GOLDBERG, JJ.

Jane M. McSoley, Aaron L. Weisman, Providence, for plaintiff.

David N. Cicilline, Bristol, for defendant.

OPINION

WILLIAMS, Chief Justice.

This case comes before the Court pursuant to the appeal of the defendant, Keith Nunes (defendant), from a judgment of conviction, which includes one count of first-degree murder. The defendant argues that the trial justice erred by failing to instruct the jury on the lesser included offense of second-degree murder. The defendant also contends that the trial justice erred by failing to grant his motion for a new trial. We disagree, and conclude that the evidence sufficiently demonstrated more than momentary premeditation, and thus, the trial justice did not err. The facts pertinent to this appeal are as follows.

I Facts and Travel

In the early morning hours of June 13, 1999, a group of men, including Mark Pierce (Pierce), Daniel Pion (Pion), and Albert Berarducci (Berarducci),¹ congregated on a boardwalk between the Fish Company Bar & Grill and the Grappa Restaurant (Grappa) near Old Harbor Marina in Providence.While the group conversed, defendant walked nearby and began to urinate into the water. Berarducci was offended. An irritated Berarducci asked defendant if he had to urinate at that location, to which defendant replied with a vulgar comment. Pion asked defendant again to urinate somewhere else. After defendant answered with more expletives, Pion shoved defendant toward the adjacent parking lot. The defendant fell down and when he got up he left the area.

Later, defendant returned with his friend, Theodoric Correy (Correy). As Correy attempted to urinate in the water, Pion intercepted the two and shoved them, advising them to leave the area. Correy and defendant allegedly said "we'll be back." The two then entered a vehicle, along with another male, and left the area. The defendant drove to the Silver Lake area of Providence, retrieved a gun, and returned to the boardwalk.

Sometime later, Dennis Murray (Murray), a friend of the group who had not been present during the earlier incidents, saw defendant peering into the windows of Grappa, and then disappear. Murray then joined the group and socialized for about ten minutes. Suddenly, defendant returned in the same car he had been driving earlier.

The defendant pulled the car up to where the group had congregated, stuck his torso out of the driver's side window, pointed a small handgun at the group and fired five shots. Pierce was struck in the arm by one of the shots. The bullet traveled through his arm into his chest, and struck his aorta, killing him. The defendant fled the scene, discarded the weapon, went to a motel with Correy and two women, and then ate breakfast.

The defendant was arrested and indicted on ten counts, including first-degree murder and four counts of assault with the intent to murder. A trial commenced in the Superior Court. During the trial, defendant admitted retrieving and shooting the weapon, but argued the defense of diminished capacityas a result of heavy use of marijuana, alcohol and ecstasy. The defendant testified that the influence of the drugs and alcohol reduced his memory to "flashes." He also testified that he was "high" at the time, that he "wasn't really feeling nothing [sic]," and that he was acting but not thinking about his actions.

The defense and the prosecution each produced an expert witness to testify about defendant's ability to make conscious choices and whether the ingestion of the drugs paralyzed defendant's will, rendering him incapable of withstanding evil impulses. The jury ultimately believed the state's expert witness, who opined that defendant retained the ability to make conscious choices and to refrain from acting on evil impulses. The jury found defendant guilty of first-degree murder, one count of assault with the intent to murder, three counts of assault with a dangerous weapon, one count of carrying a pistol without a license, and one count of discharging a firearm from a motor vehicle in a manner that created a substantial risk of death or serious injury to others (drive-by shooting). The trial justice sentenced him to life imprisonment for first-degree murder. The defendant also was sentenced to an additional ten years' imprisonment for each of the remaining counts, to run concurrently, but consecutively with the life sentence.² The defendant timely appealed.

II Instruction on Lesser Included Offense

The defendant argues that the trial justice erred in refusing to charge the jury on the lesser included offense of second-degree murder. We disagree.

"General Laws 1956 § 8-2-38 requires the trial justice to instruct the jury on the law to be applied to the issues raised by the parties." State v. Briggs, 787 A.2d 479, 486 (R.I. 2001) (quoting State v. Lynch, 770 A.2d 840, 846 (R.I.2001)). "There is no requirement for particular words to be used in a charge." Id. "The trial justice may instruct the jury in his or her own words as long as the charge sufficiently addresses the requested instructions and correctly states the applicable law." Id. at 10-11, 787 A.2d 479, 486. "On review, [this Court] examine[s] the instructions in their entirety to ascertain the manner in which a jury * * * would have understood them * * * and * * * review[s] challenged portions of jury instructions `in the context in which they were rendered.'" Id. at 486-487 (quoting State v. Krushnowski, 773 A.2d 243, 246 (R.I.2001)).

"It is well settled that a criminal defendant is `entitled — and the trial justice is required — to instruct the jury on [a] lesser included offense * * * [w]hen the evidence supports a possible verdict on a lesser included offense.'" State v. Brown, 744 A.2d 831, 838 (R.I.2000) (quoting State v. Messa, 594 A.2d 882, 884 (R.I.1991)). "A lesser included offense is `[o]ne that does not require proof of any additional element beyond those required by the greater offense.'" Briggs, slip op. at 11 (quoting State v. Rodriquez, 731 A.2d 726, 729 (R.I.1999)). "However, an instruction on a lesser offense is not necessary `when such a charge is wholly unsupported by the evidence.'" Brown, 744 A.2d at 838 (quoting State v. Figueras, 644 A.2d 291, 294 (R.I.1994)). "The distinction between first-degree and second-degree murder is that first-degree murder `requires proof of premeditation of more than a momentary duration and proof of deliberation whereas second-degree murder does not.'" Brown, 744 A.2d at 838 (quoting State v. Grabowski, 644 A.2d 1282, 1285 (R.I.1994)). "Accordingly, we have declared that `[i]f that premeditation is more than momentary, the murder is in the first degree and no charge on second degree murder is necessary; if it could be less, then the offense may be murder ineither the first or second degree, and a charge on both must be given.'" Id. at 838-39 (quoting State v. Campbell, 691 A.2d 564, 572 (R.I.1997)).

In the instant case, the trial justice denied defendant's request for an instruction on second-degree murder because "this case did not invite" a second-degree murder charge. Because we agree that there was no evidence that the premeditation was either momentary or less than momentary, we conclude that the trial justice did not err in his decision.

The record shows that after defendant's two altercations with the group at the boardwalk, he drove to the Silver Lake area to retrieve a gun. Then defendant drove back to the boardwalk searching for the men. As defendant found the group, he drove near, stopped his car, raised his torso out of the driver's side window, and fired five rounds into the crowd. The defendant then fled the scene.

We are satisfied that the evidence sufficiently demonstrated that the circumstances of the murder involved more than momentary resolve. The defendant further contends that the second-degree instruction was warranted because even if the jury did not believe that defendant's intoxication prevented him from forming the requisite intent, it still could have found that the intoxication impaired defendant's ability to premeditate. In this case, we conclude that defendant's argument lacks merit because if defendant was lucid enough to form the intent to kill, then it must follow that he was lucid enough to premeditate.

Accordingly, we are satisfied that the instruction for second-degree murder was not warranted.

III Denial of Motion for New Trial

The defendant also argues that the trial justice erred by denying his motion for new trial. We disagree.

"In deciding a motion for a new trial, the trial justice acts as a thirteenth juror and exercises independent judgment on the credibility of witnesses and on the weight of the evidence." State v. Salvatore, 763...