State v. Paredes, 2

Decision Date29 January 1991
Docket NumberCA-CR,No. 2,2
Citation810 P.2d 607,167 Ariz. 609
PartiesThe STATE of Arizona, Appellant, v. Edwardo PAREDES, Appellee. 90-0319.
CourtArizona Court of Appeals
OPINION

ROLL, Presiding Judge.

The state appeals from the trial court's granting of defendant Edwardo Paredes' motion to suppress evidence. For the reasons set forth below, we vacate and remand.

FACTS

Defendant Edwardo Paredes was stopped by Department of Public Safety (DPS) officers while operating a motor vehicle on Interstate 19 south of Tucson on November 7, 1989. The vehicle had no front or rear license plates and only a portion of a temporary paper registration was visible.

Officer Gordon Hopke asked the defendant for his driver's license and vehicle registration. The defendant had no driver's license, although he produced an Arizona identification card. He also furnished the officer a sales slip indicating that the car belonged to a third person. Officer Hopke proceeded to conduct a records check. While Officer Hopke was so engaged, Officer Aviles asked the defendant if he was carrying any illegal drugs, currency, or weapons. The defendant replied that he was not. The officer then asked the defendant if the officer could look through the vehicle. The defendant said yes. The officer walked around the vehicle, then retrieved a narcotics-detection dog from the DPS squad car in which he and Officer Hopke had been travelling. While the dog was standing next to the vehicle the defendant had been operating, it alerted to the trunk. The dog was then placed inside the vehicle and alerted to the back seat. The officers opened the trunk of the vehicle and found approximately 150 pounds of marijuana.

Procedural Background

The defendant was indicted for unlawful possession of marijuana for sale and unlawful transportation of marijuana. The defendant filed a motion to suppress the marijuana. An evidentiary hearing was conducted. The trial court ordered that the evidence be suppressed, finding that (1) no reasonable suspicion existed to warrant asking the defendant any questions regarding contraband, and (2) even if reasonable suspicion for further questioning did exist, the defendant's consent to search was inadequate because "the Defendant was not told of the thoroughness of the search or that a dog would be used in the search."

ISSUE ON APPEAL

On appeal, the state argues that the trial court abused its discretion in finding that the defendant did not consent to the search. We also address related issues presented by the parties.

Standing

The state concedes that notwithstanding the fact that the defendant was operating a borrowed vehicle, the defendant has standing to contest the search of the vehicle. State v. Acosta, 166 Ariz. 254, 801 P.2d 489 (Ct.App.1990).

Jurisdiction

The defendant argues that because the state's notice of appeal was flawed, this court lacks jurisdiction to entertain the state's appeal, citing Litak v. Scott, 138 Ariz. 599, 676 P.2d 631 (1984). The state's notice of appeal indicated that the state was appealing from "the Order confirming the dismissal of the indictment...." The notice also indicated that appeal was taken pursuant to A.R.S. § 13-4032(7). Dismissal occurred on the state's motion, following the trial court's granting of the motion to suppress. Although the notice of appeal incorrectly referred to appeal from the order of dismissal, it correctly cited A.R.S. § 13-4032(7) as the basis of appeal. A.R.S. § 13-4032(7) states:

An appeal may be taken by the state from:

* * * * * *

7. An order granting a motion to suppress the use of evidence.

In Litak, the state attempted, among other things, to appeal from an order suppressing evidence. The notice of appeal stated that appeal was being taken from dismissal of certain complaints, and cited only A.R.S. § 13-4032(1). That provision refers to appeal from dismissal. The supreme court held that the Litak notice of appeal precluded appeal from the suppression order. The state's notice of appeal in the instant matter is distinguishable from that in Litak. The notice of appeal filed by the state is not fatally defective.

Legality of Stop

The defendant concedes that the initial stop of the vehicle was lawful under Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968). The trial court so found.

1. Request for Driver's License

The defendant contends that when the police officer requested that the defendant produce his driver's license, the stop exceeded the permissible scope of a founded suspicion contact under Terry. This argument, however, has been previously rejected. In State v. Gradillas, 25 Ariz.App. 510, 544 P.2d 1111 (1976), this court ruled that it is permissible for a law enforcement officer to immediately request production of a driver's license in connection with a stop concerning a possibly faulty vehicle registration.

The defendant also relies upon the recent decision of State v. Mullen, 75 Ariz.Adv.Rep. 42, (Ct.App. December 11, 1990). In Mullen, Division One of this court ruled that a Terry stop was unfounded where the officer had no basis for believing that some specific crime had been or was about to be committed. There, police detention was prompted by the defendant staring at a police car which drove past the bus stop where he was sitting. Here, the defendant concedes the propriety of the officer's initial contact.

2. Records Check

The defendant next contends that detaining the defendant while a records check was conducted constituted an unlawful detention of the defendant. However, in State v. Puig, 112 Ariz. 519, 520, 544 P.2d 201, 202 (1975), the supreme court held that law enforcement officers are entitled to detain a defendant while a records check is conducted when a defendant has been stopped for a safety violation and is unable to produce a valid driver's license or vehicle registration. Here, a records check was conducted after the defendant was unable to produce a valid driver's license. We find no error on this ground.

Consent to Search

While the records check was being conducted, Officer Aviles (1) asked the defendant if illegal drugs, currency, or firearms were present in the vehicle, and (2) received the defendant's permission to look through the vehicle. The officer utilized a dog to sniff the vehicle. The trial court found that both of these procedures were impermissible.

The standard of review for the granting or denial of a motion to suppress evidence is abuse of discretion. State v. Carter, 145 Ariz. 101, 110, 700 P.2d 488, 497 (1985). In reviewing a ruling on a motion to suppress, we must view the evidence in the light most favorable to upholding the trial court's ruling. State v. Sheko, 146 Ariz. 140, 141, 704 P.2d 270, 271 (App.1985).

A. Questioning of Defendant Regarding Presence of Drugs

The trial court concluded that Officer Aviles' questioning of the defendant regarding whether drugs were present in his vehicle constituted a violation of Terry. We note, however, that this questioning did not result in the officer obtaining any evidence. Furthermore, this questioning occurred while the records check was being conducted, and in no way resulted in impermissible delay of the defendant. Finally, in Puig, supra, the supreme court upheld the consensual search of the trunk of Puig's vehicle after a records check was completed.

The defendant's constitutional rights were not violated when Officer Aviles asked the defendant whether contraband was in the vehicle.

B. Consent to Search Vehicle

The state argues that the proof presented at the suppression hearing established that the defendant consented to a search of the vehicle he was operating. In ruling upon the defendant's motion to suppress, the trial court stated:

... I don't believe that the consent to search was a knowing, voluntary and intelligent waiver of his Fourth Amendment rights and consent. Because I don't think he was told of the thoroughness of a search or that a dog would be used in the search.

C. Voluntariness

A warrantless search is valid if conducted after voluntary consent is given. State v. Schad, 129 Ariz. 557, 563, 633 P.2d 366, 372 (1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 983, 102 S.Ct. 1492, 71 L.Ed.2d 693 (1982). The voluntariness of a defendant's consent to search is a question of fact determined from the totality of circumstances. Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218, 248-49, 93 S.Ct. 2041, 2059, 36 L.Ed.2d 854, 875 (1973); State v. King, 140 Ariz. 602, 604, 684 P.2d 174, 176 (App.1984). The state must establish by clear and positive evidence that consent to search was freely and intelligently given. State v. Wilkerson, 117 Ariz. 143, 144, 571 P.2d 289, 290 (App.1977). Our search of the record, however, does not indicate any basis for believing that the defendant's consent was other than voluntary.

D. Scope

The scope of a consensual search is limited to the scope of the consent given. United States v. Gay, 774 F.2d 368, 377 (10th Cir.1985); United States v. Milian-Rodriguez, 759 F.2d 1558, 1563 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 845, 106 S.Ct. 135, 88 L.Ed.2d 112 (1985). Here, Officer Aviles first asked the defendant if he was carrying any illegal drugs, currency, or weapons. He then obtained the defendant's consent to look through the vehicle.

1. Search of Trunk

The defendant contends that when he consented to the officer looking through the vehicle, he only consented to a search of the passenger compartments. The defendant failed to expressly delineate such a limitation, however. Prior to obtaining the defendant's consent, the officer inquired whether currency, drugs, or illegal weapons were present in the vehicle. After the defendant denied that any of these items were present in the car, the...

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