State v. Paulson

Decision Date08 August 1990
Docket NumberA-C-3,88-3113B-C-3
Citation795 P.2d 611,103 Or.App. 23
PartiesSTATE of Oregon, Appellant, v. Kelli Laree PAULSON, Respondent. STATE of Oregon, Appellant, v. Scott Ray PAULSON, Respondent. 88-3113; CA A61225 (Control), A61226.
CourtOregon Court of Appeals

Jonathan H. Fussner, Asst. Atty. Gen., Salem, argued the cause for appellant. With him on the brief were Dave Frohnmayer, Atty. Gen., and Virginia L. Linder, Sol. Gen., Salem.

Peter Gartlan, Deputy Public Defender, Salem, argued the cause for respondents. With him on the brief was Sally L. Avera, Acting Public Defender, Salem.

RICHARDSON, Judge.

In these consolidated cases, the state appeals orders granting defendants' motions to suppress evidence seized pursuant to a search warrant. It contends that the evidence is admissible, because the information in the affidavit supporting the warrant was obtained while police were lawfully in defendants' apartment. We affirm.

Defendants are husband and wife. Wife called the 911 emergency number and reported that husband was experiencing medical problems, including periods when he would momentarily stop breathing. Two paramedics and a police officer responded to the call. The officer accompanied the paramedics pursuant to a police department practice that an officer respond to calls involving life threatening situations. When they arrived, wife directed them to a loft, where they found husband lying in bed. Conscious, he was agitated and experiencing high blood pressure, a fast respiratory rate and a fast pulse. A second officer, Nopanen, arrived shortly after treatment began and went up to the loft. Wife told one of the paramedics that husband had "snorted and shot up" at least one gram of cocaine over the last few hours. Husband also said that he had consumed cocaine. The paramedics noticed that there were a rolled-up dollar bill and white powder, which appeared to be cocaine, on a nearby dresser. Nopanen questioned wife about husband's ingestion of drugs and apparently obtained a limited consent to search. Nothing was discovered or seized during that search.

Husband was transported to a hospital, where he told Nopanen that he had ingested cocaine during the last three hours. Nopanen called the district attorney's office and was told that husband would not be prosecuted for possession on the basis of consumption. Nopanen talked to wife at the hospital and requested consent to search the apartment. She refused. The officers obtained a search warrant by telephone, ORS 133.545(5); ORS 133.555(3), on the basis of an oral affidavit in which Nopanen recited what defendants said in the apartment and his observation of the rolled-up dollar bill and the white powder and the fact that husband had consumed cocaine and had told him so at the hospital. During execution of the search warrant, the officers seized the bill and the white powder on the dresser, cocaine and cocaine paraphernalia.

Defendants moved to suppress all evidence seized under the warrant. The court granted the motions, relying on State v. Watson, 95 Or.App. 134, 769 P.2d 201 (1989). 1 The state contends that the officers were lawfully in defendants' apartment, that the observations while in the apartment were lawful and, therefore, that the evidence seized pursuant to the warrant is admissible.

In Watson, the police found methamphetamine in the defendant's change purse during the investigation of a single car accident. In upholding suppression of the evidence, we explained the scope of police authority to enter protected areas during noncriminal investigations and the admissibility of evidence discovered during such intrusions:

"[W]hen police act in a capacity other than criminal law enforcement, entry into protected areas may only be made pursuant to 'statutory or other authority from a politically accountable body.' State v. Bridewell, [306 Or 231, 239, 759 P2d 1054 (1988) ]; see also State v. Pidcock, 306 Or 335, 341-42, 759 P2d 1092 (1988); Nelson v. Lane County, 304 Or 97, 101-06, 743 P2d 692 (1987). Only if that authority exists and if discovery [of evidence] otherwise meets the plain view exception to the warrant requirement is the evidence admissible. Nelson v. Lane County, supra, 304 Or at 104, n 5 ; see also State v. Pidcock, supra. When presented with situations not directly related to a criminal violation investigation, police may still enter protected areas to render aid or assistance, notwithstanding a lack of statutory authority, but, under Article I, section 9, any evidence discovered is inadmissible in a criminal prosecution. State v. Bridewell, supra, 306 Or at 239-40 ; see also State v. Okeke, 304 Or 367, 373, 745 P2d 418 (1987)." 95 Or App at 137-38, 769 P.2d 201.

In this case, the court found that the officers were lawfully in the apartment to render emergency medical assistance to husband. Nonetheless, under State v. Bridewell, supra, evidence discovered during a noncriminal investigation is only admissible in a criminal trial if the intrusion into a protected area was authorized by statute or a politically accountable body. The state does not point to any "statutory or other authority from a politically accountable body" to support entry by the police officers. Even if their entry could be characterized as necessary to render assistance to husband, incriminating evidence observed cannot be used for criminal law enforcement purposes. State v. Bridewell, supra. 2 The inadmissible evidence, including the statements made by both defendants at their residence, is not available to support an application for a search warrant. State v. Donahue, 93 Or.App. 341, 345, 762 P.2d 1022 (1988), rev. den. 307 Or. 303, 767 P.2d 443 (1989). Without that information, the affidavit lacks facts to support the warrant. The only other pertinent information in the affidavit was husband's statement at the hospital. It was not sufficient to establish probable cause to believe that there would be cocaine at the residence.

Affirmed.

NEWMAN, Judge, specially concurring.

I concur in the court's opinion, except for the last sentence of note 2. I agree that State v. Bridewell, 306 Or. 231, 759 P.2d 1054 (1988), binds us, but I do not join in the implication that it was incorrectly decided.

EDMONDS, Judge, dissenting.

The majority holds that these cases are controlled by State v. Bridewell, 306 Or. 231, 239, 759 P.2d 1054 (1988) and its progeny. 1 In Bridewell, a friend, after becoming concerned that the Defendant might be injured, contacted police regarding his absence. The police went to the defendant's remote residence and found it empty and in disarray, with the front door open. Not finding the defendant, they walked to a shop building about 125 yards from the residence. Without calling out for the defendant, they entered the shop and saw marijuana plants in another room, through an open door. The defendant emerged from the room in which the plants had been seen and shut the door behind him. The deputies asked that he open the door, but he replied that they needed a warrant. When the deputies responded that they did not need a warrant because they had already observed the evidence, he opened the door. The deputies seized the evidence that they had observed. The Supreme Court held that, even though the officers had entered the premises in a community caretaking function, evidence arising from their "intrusion" should be suppressed, because a warrantless entry by police into private premises is a per se violation of the Fourth Amendment and the Article I, section 9, prohibition against unreasonable searches.

Here, defendant's wife called the 911 emergency number and requested emergency assistance for defendant's...

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5 cases
  • State v. Lippert
    • United States
    • Court of Appeals of Oregon
    • April 22, 1992
    ...See State v. Bridewell, 306 Or. 231, 759 P.2d 1054 (1988); State v. Sanchez, 105 Or.App. 451, 805 P.2d 153 (1991); State v. Paulson, 103 Or.App. 23, 795 P.2d 611, rev. allowed 311 Or. 13, 803 P.2d 731 (1990); State v. Bramson, 94 Or.App. 374, 765 P.2d 824 (1988). 1 In the present case, the ......
  • State v. Paulson
    • United States
    • Supreme Court of Oregon
    • September 29, 1992
    ...that, because the police had no such authority, any evidence obtained as a result of their entry must be suppressed. State v. Paulson, 103 Or.App. 23, 795 P.2d 611 (1990). We Defendants Scott Paulson (Scott) and Kelli Paulson (Kelli), husband and wife, lived in an apartment in Medford. On O......
  • State v. Sanchez
    • United States
    • Court of Appeals of Oregon
    • February 6, 1991
    ...fighters; it was information obtained through Bellah's warrantless entry into the house. Under the circumstances, as in State v. Paulson, 103 Or.App. 23, 795 P.2d 611, rev. allowed 311 Or. 13, 803 P.2d 731 (1990), it is the police officer's authority to enter, not the fire department's, tha......
  • State v. Karlow
    • United States
    • Court of Appeals of Oregon
    • July 7, 1993
    ...on a window sill. " * * * * * "Based on the cases I mentioned--well, I guess the quote I find most compelling is [State v. Paulson, 103 Or.App. 23, 795 P.2d 611 (1990) 2] 'Evidence discovered during a noncriminal investigation is only admissible in a criminal trial if the intrusion into a p......
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