State v. Payne

• Decision Date: 06 October 1976
• Docket Number: No. 58045,58045
• Citation: 338 So.2d 682
• Parties: STATE of Louisiana v. Mervin PAYNE.
• Court: Louisiana Supreme Court

Page 682

338 So.2d 682

STATE of Louisiana v.Mervin PAYNE.

No. 58045.

Supreme Court of Louisiana.

Oct. 6, 1976.

Rehearing Denied Nov. 5, 1976.

Vincent Wilkins, Jr., Appellate Counsel, Lake Charles, for defendant-appellant.

William J. Guste, Jr., Atty. Gen., Barbara Rutledge, Asst. Atty. Gen., Ossie Brown, Dist. Atty., Ralph L. Roy, Asst. Dist. Atty., for plaintiff-appellee.

CALOGERO, Justice.

DefendantMervin Payne was indicted, tried and convicted for the murder of his wife, Betty Ruth Payne, in violation of La.R.S. 14:30.After selection of the jury at his trial, held in January 1970, defendant was permitted to withdraw a not guilty plea and enter a plea of not guilty and not guilty by reason of insanity.During the course of the trial defense counsel reserved four bills of exception.On appeal, however, these bills were not perfected and this Court in State v. Payne, 274 So.2d 693(La.1973), limited defendant's relief to an annulment of the death sentence which had been imposed, and instructed the trial judge to resentence the defendant to life imprisonment.On September 26, 1975, this Court, in response to defendant's application for writs, authorized, out of time, a second appeal.

Defendant's principal contention (included variously in assignments one, two and three) is that his mentally retarded condition, coupled with his limited ability to read and write, and the alleged failure of the interrogating officers to make a concerted effort to explain his rights to him, effectively precluded a knowing and intelligent waiver of his constitutional rights against self-incrimination, and to representation by counsel, so that the taped statement obtained by the officers and admitted over defense counsel's objection was constitutionally impermissible, and made his conviction reversible.

In his first three assignments of error defendant urges that the trial court erred in admitting over defense counsel's objection a tape recorded statement made by the accused in the presence of interrogating officers, and permitting it to be played by the jury.He contends he had not effectively waived his right to counsel.He argues that the state failed to meet its burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant knowingly and intelligently waived his rights.

Under Louisiana law it is clear that in order for a confession to be admissible, the trial judge must be satisfied that the confession was freely and voluntarily given and not made under the influence of fear, duress, intimidation, menaces, threats, inducements, or promises.La.R.S. 15:451.The voluntariness of the confession must appear affirmatively on the record, and the state bears the burden of establishing it.La.C.Cr.P. art. 703(C);State v. Stewart, 325 So.2d 819(La.1976);State v. Washington, 321 So.2d 763(La.1975);State v. Carter, 248 La. 730, 181 So.2d 763(1966).

Evidence adduced out of the presence of the jury, establishing the voluntariness of the confession and 'rights waiver,' satisfied the trial judge beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant Payne's confession was freely and voluntarily made.As the state points out in brief, the trial judge's findings in this respect are, while not conclusive, entitled to 'great weight' by this Court upon review.State v. Stewart, supra;State v. White, 321 So.2d 491(La.1975);State v. Peters, 315 So.2d 678(La.1975).According to Peters, the 'reviewing court cannot (however) avoid its responsibility to examine the record to be certain that the State has fully borne its heavy burden of proof in these cases.'315 So.2d at 681.

Despite defense counsel's statement in brief that the record reveals the failure of the interrogating officers to make a concerted effort to have defendant comprehend clearly his rights under Miranda and the fifth and sixth amendments to the United States Constitution, the trial transcript supports a contrary conclusion.In the first place, the accused had turned himself in and indicated a desire to make a confession.

Further, testimony of the state's witnesses and that of defendant Payne himself clearly shows that before questioning defendant, the interrogating officers expressly advised him of his Miranda rights, including his right to remain silent, his right to counsel, and his right to have counsel appointed for him.Defendant responded to a question by defense counsel regarding whether he understood his right to counsel, 'yes, I believe I did.'He then added that he did not know he could get an attorney appointed for him until the officers told him that he could (which was prior to his giving the statement).

While the officers were aware of the defendant's lack of formal education, they asked him particularly whether he understood the nature of the rights explained to him, and whether he wanted to waive them.Defendant indicated to them that he desired to waive his rights and signed the 'rights of the accused waiver form.'He appeared in complete touch with reality and in control of himself, according to the officers.The transcript further reflects that the statement was not the product of threats, intimidation, promises, or inducements of any kind.

This Court has on occasion upset the determination of a trial judge that the state had met its burden of establishing that a defendant's confession was made voluntarily because the state failed to rebut detailed evidence presented by the defendant that the confession was not made voluntarily.State v. Peters, supra;State v. Monroe, 305 So.2d 902(La.1974);State v. Simien, 248 La. 323, 178 So.2d 266(1965);State v. Honeycutt, 216 La. 610, 44 So.2d 313(1950);State v. Robinson, 215 La. 974, 41 So.2d 848(1949);State v. Scarbrough, 167 La. 484, 119 So. 523(1928).

In this case, however, defendant Payne put forth no evidence which the state was required to rebut.In fact, Payne's testimony was that he desired to waive his rights, and that there had been no threats, duress, or promises made to him.

Defendant, however, argues that defendant's mental condition foreclosed a valid waiver despite the evidence on the record to the contrary.In his...