State v. Peterson, A162499

• Decision Date: 02 May 2018
• Docket Number: A162499
• Citation: 291 Or.App. 573,422 P.3d 421
• Parties: STATE of Oregon, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. Trenton Cole PETERSON, Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: Oregon Court of Appeals

291 Or.App. 573

422 P.3d 421

STATE of Oregon, Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.Trenton Cole PETERSON, Defendant-Appellant.

A162499

Court of Appeals of Oregon.

Argued and submitted March 23, 2018.

May 2, 2018

Andrew D. Robinson, Deputy Public Defender, argued the cause for appellant. With him on the brief was Ernest G. Lannet, Chief Defender, Criminal Appellate Section, Office of Public Defense Services.

Sharia Mayfield, Assistant Attorney General, argued the cause for respondent. On the brief were Ellen F. Rosenblum, Attorney General, Benjamin Gutman, Solicitor General, and Michael A. Casper, Assistant Attorney General.

Before Armstrong, Presiding Judge, and Tookey, Judge, and Shorr, Judge.

TOOKEY, J.

Defendant appeals a judgment of conviction for eight counts of second-degree sexual abuse (Counts 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 11, 13, and 14), one count of third-degree sexual abuse (Count 3), four counts of third-degree rape (Counts 5, 8, 10, and 12), and one count of third-degree sodomy (Count 7). On appeal, defendant raises five assignments of error. In his first assignment, defendant argues that the trial court plainly erred by failing to strike, sua sponte , "a police detective's expression of gratitude for the alleged victim's ‘honesty.’ " In his second through fifth assignments, defendant contends that the trial court plainly erred by failing to merge a number of the jury's guilty verdicts. For the reasons that follow, we reject defendant's first assignment. We conclude, however, that defendant's merger arguments are well taken. We therefore reverse and remand for merger of the affected convictions, and remand the entire case for resentencing.

The facts are few and undisputed. Defendant, who was then 26 years old, met the victim, who was 14 years old. Over the course of several months, defendant engaged in a sexual relationship with the victim. Eventually, the victim's parents became aware of defendant's sexual relationship with their daughter, and they confronted defendant. After defendant acknowledged that he had been engaged in an inappropriate sexual relationship with the victim, the victim's parents contacted the police. At first, the victim refused to talk with the police or to cooperate in any way because she did not want defendant to get arrested, but approximately a year later she disclosed the details to Detective Harris.

The victim was under a lot of "stress" and "very emotional" when Harris interviewed the victim at the Children's Advocacy Center. Approximately 70 minutes into that interview, the victim became "really upset" when Harris asked why it took the victim over a year to report the abuse, and the following colloquy ensued:

"[Victim]: I'm dealing with things I wish I didn't have to deal with.

"* * * * *

"[Victim]: I tried to ignore it a lot.

"* * * * *

"[Victim]: But I've been thinking a lot lately and I'm looking at my friends and how they're being able to be normal teenagers.

"* * * * *

"[Victim]: And I'm not able to be like them.

"[Harris]: Okay. Okay.

"[Victim]: And it's hard because I want—I wish I never would have done that.

"* * * * *

"[Victim]: Because I'm dealing with things I wish I never had to deal with.

"[Harris]: Okay. Okay. I understand that.

"[Victim]: I'm sorry.

"[Harris]: That's alright. Thank you for your honesty. And thank you for talking to me. I really appreciate it. I know it's hard to talk to a stranger. So, I really appreciate you coming in and talking to me.

"Can you think of anything that we haven't talked about that you think would be important for me to know?"

The interview continued for another 20 minutes, and the victim disclosed more details about her relationship with defendant. Following further investigation, defendant was indicted for eight counts of second-degree sexual abuse, ORS 163.425, one count of third-degree sexual abuse, ORS 163.415, four counts of third-degree rape, ORS 163.355, and one count of third-degree sodomy, ORS 163.385.

Before trial, defendant filed a motion in limine to exclude evidence and requested a hearing to determine the admissibility of certain statements contained in the recorded interviews with defendant and the victim. During the pretrial hearing on defendant's motion, defendant sought to exclude statements made by Harris during the recorded interview with defendant, including a statement to defendant that Harris "thought [the victim] was an honest girl," as impermissible comments on credibility. The trial court agreed with defendant and excluded portions of the interview under the vouching rule. Defendant did not object to the above-quoted statement from Harris's interview with the victim, in which Harris said, "thank you for your honesty," to the victim. Following a jury trial, defendant was convicted of the 14 counts alleged in the indictment.

On appeal, in his first assignment of error, defendant argues that the trial court plainly erred by failing to strike, sua sponte , the "police detective's expression of gratitude for the alleged victim's ‘honesty.’ " The state contends that "[t]he trial court did not err, much less plainly err, in failing sua sponte to strike [the] police officer's out-of-court statement." We agree with the state.

"[A]n out-of-court statement about the credibility of a witness * * * is subject to the categorical prohibition against vouching evidence only if the statement is offered for the truth of the credibility opinion that it expresses." State v. Chandler , 360 Or. 323, 334, 380 P.3d 932 (2016). However, as noted above, defendant argues that the trial court plainly erred by failing to strike, sua sponte , the "police detective's expression of gratitude for the alleged victim's ‘honesty.’ " We may review an unpreserved error under ORAP 5.45 if certain conditions are met:

"(1) the claimed error is an error of law, (2) the claimed error is obvious, not reasonably in dispute, and (3) it appears on the face of the record, i.e. , the reviewing court need not go outside the record to identify the error or choose between competing inferences, and the facts constituting the error are irrefutable."

State v. Gornick , 340 Or. 160, 166, 130 P.3d 780 (2006) (citations, internal quotation marks, brackets, and ellipses omitted). "When determining whether a trial court plainly erred in failing to strike, sua sponte , testimony as an impermissible comment on the credibility of a witness, we focus on whether it was beyond dispute that the court had a duty to prevent that testimony." State v. Deleon , 288 Or. App. 850, 851, 407 P.3d 931 (2017) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). Therefore, we must determine whether it is beyond dispute that Harris's out-of-court statement thanking the victim for her honesty was offered only for the truth of the credibility opinion that it expresses.

Defendant acknowledges that "it is not clear that the state offered the comment for the purpose of bolstering [the victim's] credibility." We agree. The challenged statement provided relevant context for the victim's emotional reaction to the question of why it took her so long to report the abuse, and was part of a larger statement that may have been intended to console the victim so Harris could elicit more information.¹ Immediately after Harris empathized with the victim and thanked the victim for being forthcoming, Harris asked, "Can you think of anything that we haven't talked about that you think would be important for me to know?" See Chandler , 360 Or. at 335-36, 380 P.3d 932 (detective's "credibility statements made during the interview were admitted not to prove that [the] defendant was untruthful or that the victims were truthful, but rather as context for the responses that those statements elicited from [the] defendant"); State v. Codon , 282 Or. App. 165, 173-74, 386 P.3d 45 (2016), rev. den. , 361 Or. 240, 392 P.3d 324 (2017) (concluding that the trial court did not err in admitting officer's out-of-court statement regarding the defendant's credibility because it was part of the larger conversation and was made to "elicit more forthcoming responses"). Additionally, the state did not highlight the statement or use the statement to bolster the victim's credibility at trial. See Chandler , 360 Or. at 335, 380 P.3d 932 (noting that the prosecutor did not use the statements "to bolster the victim's credibility or to undermine [the] defendant's"); Codon , 282 Or. App. at 174,...