State v. Pond

Decision Date28 December 1990
Docket NumberNo. 89-473,89-473
Citation133 N.H. 738,584 A.2d 770
PartiesThe STATE of New Hampshire v. Larry POND.
CourtNew Hampshire Supreme Court

John P. Arnold, Atty. Gen. (Mark E. Howard, Asst. Atty. Gen., on the brief and orally), for the State.

James E. Duggan, Chief Appellate Defender, Concord, by brief and orally, for defendant.

BROCK, Chief Justice.

The defendant appeals his conviction for aggravated felonious sexual assault, RSA 632-A:2, XI, after a jury trial in Superior Court (Groff, J.). He raises two issues for our review: (1) whether, after the impaneling of the jury at a previous trial, the State may nol pros its case in order to correct a defective indictment and then later retry the defendant on the same charge without violating the prohibition against double jeopardy; and (2) whether the defendant's right to a speedy trial was violated. Because we hold that double jeopardy bars retrial of the defendant, we reverse. Consequently, we need not address the second issue.

The pertinent facts are not in dispute. Before he was ultimately convicted, the defendant was charged with the same offense in four successive indictments. The original indictment, obtained in November, 1986, alleged that the defendant sexually assaulted his ten-year-old son during June and July of 1986. After the defendant both filed and withdrew a notice of intent to plead guilty, the State, in December, 1987, replaced the original indictment with one that changed the alleged date of the offense to April, 1986. Thereafter, the defendant filed a notice of intent to rely on an insanity defense, and a trial date was set for April, 1988.

In early April, 1988, due to delays in obtaining a mental health evaluation of the defendant, the trial date was continued until May. On April 19, the State once again obtained a replacement indictment, this time amending the mens rea from "purposely" to "knowingly." Once more the trial date was moved, but the delay was short, and on May 18, a jury was selected and sworn. Subsequently, before the State began its case, the defendant moved to dismiss the indictment, claiming that the mental state of "knowingly" in the indictment was incorrect. Pursuant to an off-the-record bench conference, the superior Court (Groff, J.) responded to the motion to dismiss, stating that

"[t]he state has just now nol-prossed Indictment 88-834, ... indicating its intention to reindict on this particular charge. However, since this is one link of a fairly important issue, the court ought to flush out the record on the matter and in fact does, although post nol-pros, grant the defendant's motion to dismiss...."

On May 24, the grand jury, correcting the mens rea to "purposely," reindicted the defendant on the charge of aggravated felonious sexual assault for the fourth and final time. The defendant moved for dismissal of this indictment on double jeopardy and speedy trial grounds, which the Superior Court (Dalianis, J.) denied. The case proceeded to trial on April 17, 1989, and the defendant was convicted two days later.

On appeal, the defendant argues that if the State, with its unfettered discretion to nol pros a case, exercises that discretion after the jury has been impaneled, then the double jeopardy clauses of the State and Federal Constitutions, see N.H. CONST. pt. I, art. 16; U.S. CONST. amend. V, protect him from a retrial on the same charge. The State responds that it nol prossed the case in response to the defendant's motion to dismiss in order to expedite matters and that, therefore, the nolle prosequi served as the functional equivalent to a judicial dismissal. As such, argues the State, the nolle prosequi adequately met the "manifest necessity" requirement under double jeopardy analysis, and retrial of the defendant is thus permissible.

The State acknowledges that in the present case jeopardy attached when the jury was impaneled. See State v. Janvrin, 121 N.H. 370, 371, 430 A.2d 152, 153 (1981). It further admits that once attached, jeopardy bars retrial unless the mistrial or dismissal is based on a finding of "manifest necessity" by the trial court. Id. Determining whether this standard has been met involves weighing the prosecution's and the defendant's competing interests, which is a task left to the sound discretion of the trial judge. State v. King, 131 N.H. 173, 177, 551 A.2d 973, 975 (1988) (citing United States v. Jorn, 400 U.S. 470, 479-81,...

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12 cases
  • Humphrey v. Cunningham, 89-403
    • United States
    • New Hampshire Supreme Court
    • December 28, 1990
    ...584 A.2d 763 ... 133 N.H. 727 ... Edward D. HUMPHREY, Sr ... Michael CUNNINGHAM, Warden, The New Hampshire State Prison ... No. 89-403 ... Supreme Court of New Hampshire ... Dec. 28, 1990 ...         [133 N.H. 729] Murphy, McLaughlin & Hemeon, ... ...
  • State v. Ayer
    • United States
    • New Hampshire Supreme Court
    • September 1, 1992
    ...offense of aggravated felonious sexual assault. Dicta in several of our cases is relied upon by the defendant. See State v. Pond, 133 N.H. 738, 740, 584 A.2d 770, 771 (1990) (after nol pros of "knowingly" indictment, grand jury "correct[ed] the mens rea to 'purposely' "); State v. Hickey, 1......
  • State v. Allen
    • United States
    • New Hampshire Supreme Court
    • December 5, 2003
    ...142 N.H. 772, 774, 711 A.2d 248 (1998). The power to enter a nolle prosequi exists in the prosecuting officer. State v. Pond, 133 N.H. 738, 741, 584 A.2d 770 (1990). The court has no right to interfere in its exercise. Id. While some jurisdictions have abrogated the common law rule and requ......
  • State v. Howell
    • United States
    • New Hampshire Supreme Court
    • May 15, 2009
    ...774 (1985), and because entering a nolle prosequi would have barred re-indictment on double jeopardy grounds, see State v. Pond, 133 N.H. 738, 741, 584 A.2d 770 (1990). After considering those options, the trial court balanced the State's interest in the prosecution of crimes against the de......
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