State v. Pringle
| Decision Date | 20 December 1973 |
| Docket Number | No. 42819,42819 |
| Citation | 517 P.2d 192,83 Wn.2d 188 |
| Parties | STATE of Washington, Petitioner, v. Darrell Lee PRINGLE, Respondent. |
| Court | Washington Supreme Court |
Christopher T. Bayley, Pros. Atty., Charles J. Delaurenti, II, Seattle, for petitioner.
Robert T. Czeisler, Seattle, for respondent.
This case involves a petition for writ of mandamus brought by the plaintiff (petitioner), State of Washington, to require a trial judge at a sentencing hearing to enter a special finding of fact that the defendant (respondent), Darrell Lee Pringle, was armed with a deadly weapon and firearm during the commission of a robbery for which he entered a plea of guilty.
On March 9, 1973, the defendant and another were charged by amended information in the Superior Court for King County with three counts of robbery while armed with a deadly weapon (as defined by RCW 9.95.040) and a firearm (pursuant to RCW 9.41.025). On March 30, 1973, the defendant, represented by counsel, entered a plea of guilty to count 1 of the information, and counts 2 and 3 of the information were dismissed by the court upon motion by the plaintiff. At this time the trial court advised the defendant of the consequences of entering a plea of guilty to the charge, which, because of the deadly weapon and firearm allegations, carried with it the mandatory minimum sentences imposed by RCW 9.95.040(1) and RCW 9.41.025(1).
The sentencing hearing was held on May 3, 1973, before a judge of the Superior Court who did not preside over the case at the time of the entry of the plea. At the hearing it was disclosed that the 36-year-old defendant had no prior felonies on his record and had committed only two misdemeanor offenses of vagrancy and minor consumption of alcohol. After considering the arguments of counsel, the sentencing judge deleted the language in the finding portion of the judgment and sentence, referring to 'armed with a deadly weapon, to wit: a firearm' upon the theory that he was acting within the court's power under RCW 10.46.090. At the same time the sentencing judge refused to enter the special finding of fact pursuant to RCW 9.95.015 as to whether or not the defendant was armed with a deadly weapon at the time of the commission of the crime, and sentenced the defendant to imprisonment for the crime of robbery for a maximum term of 20 years.
On May 16, 1973, the plaintiff filed an application for a writ of mandamus with this Court to compel the sentencing judge to enter the special finding of fact pursuant to RCW 9.95.015, or to have this Court enter an order making such a finding. At a preliminary hearing held on June 28, 1973, we ordered the matter be set for a full hearing, and stayed the determination of the duration of confinement by the Board of Prison Terms and Paroles. Meanwhile, on July 2, 1973, the Board of Prison Terms and Paroles, apparently unaware of the stay order, set the minimum term of the defendant at five years. The plaintiff's first contention before this court is that the sentencing judge had no authority under RCW 10.46.090 1 to strike the language referring to 'armed with a deadly weapon, to wit: a firearm' from the judgment and sentence when the defendant had entered a valid plea of guilty to the allegations in the information. We agree. The statute upon which the sentencing judge relied provides as follows:
The court may, either upon its own motion or upon application of the prosecuting attorney, and in furtherance of justice, order any criminal prosecution to be dismissed; but in such case the reason of the dismissal must be set forth in the order, which must be entered upon the record. No prosecuting attorney shall hereafter discontinue or abandon a prosecution except as provided in this section.
Pursuant to this statute, the sentencing judge reasoned that it was within the power of the court to delete the language in question from the judgment and sentence 'in furtherance of justice.' This statute, however, relates to the dismissal of a 'criminal prosecution' and in no way authorizes a sentencing judge to modify a criminal information after the conclusion of the prosecution and after a valid plea of guilty has been entered. In entering the plea to the charge in the information, the defendant admitted all the allegations therein and acknowledged full responsibility for the legal consequences of his guilt. State v. Dodd, 70 Wash.2d 513, 424 P.2d 302 (1967). This Court on prior occasions, has addressed the issue of the finality of a valid plea of guilty, and we adhere to the reasoning set forth in In re Woods v. Rhay, 68 Wash.2d 601, 414 P.2d 601 (1966), on page 605, 414 P.2d on page 604:
A plea of guilty to a criminal offense, if voluntarily made in open court, is a confession of guilt and the result equivalent to a conviction. Unless withdrawn before sentence is pronounced, such a plea has the same effect in law as a verdict of guilty, for nothing remains to be done save the imposition of sentence. In re Mohr v. Smith, 26 Wash.2d 188, 173 P.2d 141 (1946); In re Brandon v. Webb, 23 Wash.2d 155, 160 P.2d 529 (1945); State ex rel. Lundin v. Superior Court, 102 Wash. 600, 174 P. 473 (1918).
The defendant in this case does not contend that the plea was involuntarily entered or that the plea should have been set aside. Rather, the record is clear that the defendant voluntarily entered a plea of guilty to the charge of robbery 'while armed with a deadly weapon and a firearm,' and was properly given notice of the nature of the charge. State v. Frazier, 81 Wash.2d 628, 503 P.2d 1073 (1972); State v. Porter, 81 Wash.2d 663, 504 P.2d 301 (1972). The sentencing judge acted without jurisdiction in relying upon the authority of RCW 10.46.090 to strike the language referring to a deadly weapon and firearm from the judgment and sentence in this case where the prosecution had been terminated, and a voluntary plea of guilty had been entered by the defendant admitting all the allegations contained in the information.
The plaintiff's primary contention in this case is that since the defendant pleaded guilty to the charge containing allegations of being armed with a 'deadly weapon' and a 'firearm,' the sentencing judge had no discretion but to enter the special finding of fact requested by the plaintiff pursuant to RCW 9.95.015. We agree. That statute states the following:
In every criminal case wherein conviction would require the board of prison terms and paroles to determine the duration of confinement and wherein there has been an Allegation and evidence establishing that the accused was armed with a deadly weapon at the time of the commission of the crime, The court shall make a finding of fact of whether or not the accused was armed with a deadly weapon, as defined by RCW 9.95.040, at the time of the commission of the crime, or if a jury trial is had, the jury shall, if it find the defendant guilty, also find a special verdict as to whether or not the defendant was armed with a deadly weapon, as defined in RCW 9.95.040, at the time of the commission of the crime.
(Italics ours.)
In order for this statute to become operative, there must be an Allegation and Evidence that the accused was armed with a deadly weapon at the time of the commission of the crime. The sentencing judge in this case apparently proceeded under the theory that having stricken from the charge the language containing the allegation of a deadly weapon, he did not come within the ambit of RCW 9.95.015 requiring the special finding. This conclusion, however, was fallacious since the sentencing judge acted without authority in making this deletion from the information, and the deleted language should be reinstated. The sentencing judge, therefore, came within the requirements of RCW 9.95.015. We agree with the reasoning of the Court of Appeals, Division 1, in State v. Thornton, 9 Wash.App. 699, 702, 514 P.2d 179, 181 (1973), in which it correctly construes the mandate of this statute:
The trial court recites in its finding of fact that RCW 9.95.015 allows the exercise of discretion in whether or not a finding of fact or a special verdict will be made or returned. We disagree, holding the making of such a finding as a step in the sentencing procedure is a duty now placed upon the courts. The trier of the fact must make the finding or return the verdict if there has been an allegation and evidence establishing that the accused was armed with a deadly weapon at the time of the commission of the crime. The performance of the function is mandatory upon the court.
We, therefore, hold that the sentencing judge, having improperly stricken the allegations from the information and having failed to comply with the mandate of RCW 9.95.015, entered an erroneous and invalid sentence upon the defendant. In cases such as this where a trial court had erroneously sentenced an accused under the law, this Court has held that returning the defendant for...
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