State v. Rice

• Citation: 275 Mont. 81,910 P.2d 245
• Decision Date: 30 January 1996
• Docket Number: No. 95-035,95-035
• Parties: STATE of Montana, Plaintiff & Respondent, v. Thomas G. RICE, Defendant & Appellant.
• Court: United States State Supreme Court of Montana

Page 245

910 P.2d 245

275 Mont. 81

STATE of Montana, Plaintiff & Respondent, v. Thomas G. RICE, Defendant & Appellant.

No. 95-035.

Supreme Court of Montana.

Submitted on Briefs Nov. 16, 1995.

Decided Jan. 30, 1996.

Jeffrey T. Renz, Montana Defender Project, Missoula, for Appellant.

Joseph P. Mazurek, Attorney General, Micheal S. Wellenstein, Assistant Attorney General, Helena; Edward Beaudette, Anaconda-Deer Lodge County Attorney, Anaconda, for Respondent.

HUNT, Justice.

The Third Judicial District Court, Deer Lodge County, found Appellant Thomas G. Rice (Rice) guilty of burglary and domestic abuse and imposed a three-year sentence with all but 90 days deferred, subject to certain conditions. Rice failed to abide by those conditions, and the court consequently revoked the deferred sentence and sentenced him to ten years in prison, with nine years suspended. Rice appeals the validity of his burglary conviction.

Appeal dismissed.

The dispositive issue on appeal is: When does a criminal defendant's time of appeal begin to run if the defendant receives a deferred sentence?

On August 1, 1993, Rice assaulted the woman with whom he lived; she then fled to her mother's house and reported the incident to the police. After being examined and treated at the hospital, the victim returned to her mother's house. Sometime later, Rice entered the mother's house and assaulted the victim again. He was arrested shortly thereafter.

Following a December 1993 bench trial, the District Court found Rice guilty of burglary and domestic abuse. On June 8, 1994, the District Court sentenced Rice to three years with all but 90 days deferred, subject to certain conditions.

On October 12, 1994, the State moved to revoke Rice's deferred sentence for failure to abide by the conditions set out by the District Court. On November 23, 1994, the District Court revoked the deferred sentence and sentenced Rice to ten years in prison, with nine years suspended.

Rice appeals the validity of his burglary conviction, contending that the District Court abused its discretion by finding him guilty of that charge. The State contends this Court lacks jurisdiction to hear the appeal because the time in which Rice may appeal has expired. It therefore contends that Rice no longer has the right to appeal the underlying burglary conviction, and that his right to appeal is limited to the revocation of his deferred sentence.

Rice contends that the time in which he may file an appeal did not begin to run until sentence was actually imposed, which he argues occurred after revocation. If Rice is correct, his appeal is timely. If the State is correct, Rice's appeal is not timely and this Court does not have jurisdiction to consider it. We hold that Rice's appeal is not timely, and therefore this Court has no jurisdiction to hear his appeal.

Rule 5(b), M.R.App.P., gives a defendant 60 days in which to appeal a criminal judgment. This Court is without jurisdiction to hear an appeal filed more than 60 days after judgment. State v. Haskins (1992), 255 Mont. 202, 841 P.2d 542. Further, "an appeal may be taken by the defendant only from a final judgment of conviction and orders after judgment which affect the substantial rights of the defendant." Section 46-20-104(1), MCA. Therefore, the 60 days in which a defendant may appeal do not begin to run until such time as a final judgment is entered in the case.

A judgment is "an adjudication by a court that the defendant is guilty or not guilty, and if the adjudication is that the defendant is guilty, it includes the sentence pronounced by the court." Section 46-1-202(10), MCA. Section 46-18-201, MCA, allows a court to "defer imposition of sentence ... [and] impose upon the defendant any reasonable restrictions or conditions during the period of the deferred imposition." Section 46-18-201(1)(a), MCA.

In light of the above statutes and definitions, Rice asserts that the time in which he may properly appeal the burglary conviction has not expired. He notes that he may only appeal a final conviction, and that a conviction is not final until sentence is imposed. He contends that a deferred sentence is not "imposed" unless and until the deferral is revoked. Therefore, Rice argues, the 60 days in which he may appeal his conviction began at the time the deferral was revoked and sentence actually imposed. Since he appealed within this time, he contends that this Court retains jurisdiction.

Rice urges this Court to interpret "sentence" as synonymous with "punishment," and we acknowledge that such an interpretation formerly was correct. Before 1990, the Montana Code Annotated defined "sentence" as "the punishment imposed on the defendant by the court." Section 46-1-201(9), MCA (1989). This is consistent with Montana case law before 1991, which accepted "sentence" as being the same as "punishment." See Newman v. Estelle (1971), 156 Mont. 502, 484 P.2d 276; and Petition of Williams (1965), 145 Mont. 45, 399 P.2d 732.

However, § 46-1-202(24), MCA, enacted in 1991, defines "sentence" as "the judicial disposition of a criminal proceeding upon a plea,...