State v. Rocha-Rocha

• Decision Date: 26 September 1996
• Docket Number: ROCHA-ROCH,CA-CR,No. 1,A,1
• Citation: State v. Rocha-Rocha, 188 Ariz. 292, 935 P.2d 870 (Ariz. App. 1996)
• Parties: STATE of Arizona, Appellee, Cross-Appellant, v. Reneppellant, Cross-Appellee. 94-0764.
• Court: Arizona Court of Appeals

Page 870

935 P.2d 870

188 Ariz. 292

STATE of Arizona, Appellee, Cross-Appellant, v.Rene ROCHA-ROCHA, Appellant, Cross-Appellee.

No. 1 CA-CR 94-0764.

Court of Appeals of Arizona Division 1, Department B.

Sept. 26, 1996.

Review Denied April 29, 1997.

[188 Ariz. 293] Grant Woods, Attorney General by Paul J. McMurdie, Chief Counsel, Criminal Appeals Section, and Robert S. Golden, Assistant Attorney General, Phoenix, for Appellee/Cross-Appellant.

Robert W. Doyle, Phoenix, for Appellant/Cross-Appellee.

OPINION

VOSS, Judge.

Rene Rocha-Rocha(defendant) appeals from his conviction and sentence on one count of conspiracy to possess narcotic drugs for sale (cocaine), a class 2 felony under Arizona Revised Statutes Annotatedsection(A.R.S. § ) 13-3408.The state cross-appeals the trial court's directed verdict of acquittal on one count of possession with intent to sell cocaine.We affirm the conspiracy conviction and sentence, and reverse the trial court's directed verdict on the possession charge and remand with instructions to reinstate the jury's verdict and to conduct proceedings not inconsistent with this decision.

FACTUAL ¹ AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

In April 1993, Richard E. Fass was an undercover narcotics officer working with the Drug Enforcement Agency.Fass had six years of drug enforcement experience, primarily working undercover on the street.

Fass was assigned to the Phoenix office working undercover on April 23, 1993, when an informant named Berto contacted him.Berto advised Fass that he knew some people who were interested in purchasing large amounts of cocaine.

Fass and Berto met that same afternoon and drove to the Travelers' Inn.In the parking lot of the motel, Fass and Berto met Francisco Oros-Oropeza, one of the potential purchasers.Oros-Oropeza escorted Fass and Berto to a room at the motel.Oros-Oropeza testified that the purpose of the meeting was to negotiate purchasing cocaine from Fass.

Five people, including defendant, were in the motel room.Fass had never encountered any of the individuals in the room.After introductions, the conversation turned to drugs.Fass testified that a woman named Charobono told him that they had been in town a few days looking to purchase cocaine.Further, she conveyed that they were just interested in purchasing five kilos of cocaine initially, but the amount would eventually increase to twenty kilos of cocaine.Fass testified that the others in the room, including defendant, were listening to the conversation and appeared to share Charobono's desires to purchase.

The group discussed price and agreed upon $20,000 per kilo.When timing for delivery was discussed, defendant told Fass the money could be obtained that day--that his cousin had the money.Defendant also stated that he and Oros-Oropeza would procure the money and rent another room to complete the exchange at a different location.Defendant then advised Fass that when defendant had the money and the new room, he would contact Fass.Defendant and Oros-Oropeza then left the motel room.Fass and Berto left shortly thereafter.

Later that day, Fass received a page to call the room at Travelers' Inn, the site of the first meeting.Fass called and spoke to Kathy Rosas.Rosas told Fass the money was ready and directed him to a room at the La Quinta motel.Fass and Berto went to the motel room as directed, where they met defendant and Oros-Oropeza.Defendant told Fass there was enough money to purchase one kilo of cocaine and spread $20,000 in cash out on the bed.Oros-Oropeza testified that defendant brought the money to the room.Once the money was counted, defendant and the others went to a car in the parking lot where defendant took possession of one kilo of cocaine.Defendant was arrested shortly after taking possession of the cocaine and was later indicted on one count of possession of cocaine for sale and one count of conspiracy to possess cocaine for sale, class 2 felonies under A.R.S. §§ 13-1003and13-3408, respectively.

Defendant did not appear for his trial and was tried in absentia.In both his opening statement and closing argument, defense counsel admitted defendant's guilt of "at least possession."The jury agreed, returning guilty verdicts on both counts.

Defendant was arrested nine months later.At sentencing, the trial judge concluded that he had erred in denying defendant's Rule 20motion for directed verdict on the possession for sale charge, and therefore entered a judgment of not guilty on Count II, despite the jury conviction.The judge reasoned that the facts amounted to entrapment as a matter of law because "you can't convict an individual of possession of drugs when the drugs that he is charged with possessing was (sic) drugs that are furnished by law enforcement."On Count I, the trial court sentenced defendant to an aggravated ² eight-year prison term.

Defendant timely appealed his conviction and sentence on Count I.The state timely cross-appealed the judgment of acquittal on Count II.

ISSUES PRESENTED

On appeal:

WHETHER THE STATE INTRODUCED EVIDENCE SUFFICIENT TO IDENTIFY DEFENDANT AS THE PERSON WHO WAS ON TRIAL.

On cross-appeal:

WHETHER ENTRAPMENT ARISES AS A MATTER OF LAW WHERE THE STATE SUPPLIES DRUGS TO A DEFENDANT AND THEN CHARGES HIM WITH POSSESSION OF THOSE DRUGS.

DISCUSSION

1.The evidence was sufficient to support the finding that the person who committed the crime and the person convicted of the crime were one and the same.

The state has the burden to prove the identity of the person who committed the crime.State v. Hall, 136 Ariz. 219, 221, 665 P.2d 101, 103(App.1983).Defendant argues that the state failed to carry its burden because "there was no evidence linking [defendant] to the man identified as Rene Rocha-Rocha" or evidence sufficient to enable the witnesses to identify defendant"as the Rene Rocha-Rocha who was on trial."In support of his argument, defendant notes that the state did not introduce either a booking photograph or fingerprint evidence, and that the witness testimony did not include a physical description of the man who was arrested and charged under the name Rene Rocha-Rocha.The evidence, however, did include statements from Alonso Rocha-Rocha, a co-defendant, who testified that he was defendant's cousin, and that Rene was the person police arrested on April 23, 1993.Police officers also testified that the person who purchased the cocaine was Rene Rocha-Rocha, and that he was taken into custody immediately after he purchased the cocaine.The evidence further indicated that defendant was taken into custody the day he purchased the cocaine.

The analysis in Hall is instructive here:

The real question is not whether the evidence was sufficient to convict the John Richard Hall described but whether the John Richard Hall who was sentenced is the same person as the man initially arrested for the crime.

136 Ariz. at 221, 665 P.2d at 103.

The "real question" here is whether the Rene Rocha-Rocha who was sentenced is the same person as was initially arrested.As in Hall, "there is no doubt" about the answer.Id.Defendant, like the defendant in Hall, was arrested, indicted, arraigned, released on bond, failed to appear for trial, and was tried in absentia.Id.As in Hall, the state did not introduce a booking photograph or fingerprint evidence.Id.Finally--again as in Hall--defendant stood mute at sentencing when the trial court asked whether there was any legal cause why sentencing should not proceed.Id.This case is even stronger than Hall because here defendant not only failed to object at sentencing, but told the court, "I am sorry about what I did, and I want to apologize."

There is more than an identity of names in this case.Police testified that the man taken into custody was the man who purchased the cocaine.He went by the name "Rene Rocha-Rocha," and he was booked and indicted under that name.

It is not enough to argue, as defendant did at trial, that identification was lacking because the state did not put on proof that the man on trial--conceded by all to be Rene Rocha-Rocha--physically "matched" the man they arrested.Defendant made positive identification impossible by absenting himself from trial, and we decline to create a rigid legal standard for identification that would encourage defendants to violate their release conditions by failing to appear.At a minimum, defendant must assert that he is not the man who was arrested at the scene of the crime.We have no reason to believe that the person convicted was anyone other than defendant, and in the absence of a claim to that effect we need not address this issue further.³

2.The trial court improperly dismissed Count II.

During trial, the court expressed its concern that entrapment might exist as a matter of law because the state had furnished the cocaine to defendant.Defendant did not notice entrapment as a defense, but argued for a directed verdict on the ground articulated by the trial court.At trial, the court denied defendant's motion.However, at sentencing, citing State v. Boccelli, the trial court directed a verdict of acquittal for defendant as to Count II, maintaining that the supreme court has held that entrapment is proven as a matter of law in a possession for sale case when the police have supplied the drugs to the defendant.105 Ariz. 495, 497, 467 P.2d 740, 742(1970);see alsoState v. McKinney, 108 Ariz. 436, 439-40, 501 P.2d 378, 381-82(1972).We disagree and reverse.

Entrapment as a matter of law exists where uncontradicted testimony demonstrates that through the creative activity of the police, the state induces an otherwise innocent person to commit a criminal act.Boccelli, 105 Ariz. at 496-97, 467 P.2d at 741-42(quotingSorrells v. United States, 287 U.S. 435, 442, 53 S.Ct. 210, 212-13, 77 L.Ed. 413(1932));State v. Gessler, 142 Ariz. 379, 382, 690 P.2d 98, 101(App.1984).An entrapment defense does not lie when the...