State v. Sampson

• Decision Date: 02 August 1973
• Docket Number: 42562,Nos. 42561,s. 42561
• Citation: 82 Wn.2d 663,513 P.2d 60
• Parties: The STATE of Washington, Petitioner, v. Hersey Francis SAMPSON, Respondent. The STATE of Washington, Petitioner, v. Gerald E. MILLER, Respondent.
• Court: Washington Supreme Court

Page 663

82 Wn.2d 663

513 P.2d 60

The STATE of Washington, Petitioner, v. Hersey Francis SAMPSON, Respondent.

The STATE of Washington, Petitioner, v. Gerald E. MILLER, Respondent.

Nos. 42561, 42562.

Supreme Court of Washington, En Banc.

Aug. 2, 1973.

Christopher T. Bayley, Pros. Atty., Michael P. Ruark, Seattle, Raymond B. Ferguson, Christopher J. Bell, Fred L. Yeatts, Deputy Pros. Attys., for petitioner.

Hay, Epstein & Fulle, John L. Hay, Alfieri, Holifield & Martinez, Ralph A. Alfieri, Seattle, for respondents.

BRACHTENBACH, Associate Justice.

Since these two criminal cases involve essentially identical issues, they were consolidated on appeal. In separate trials, a jury returned a guilty verdict against each defendant. Defendant Sampson was convicted of second degree assault; defendant Miller of grand larceny.

In the Sampson case, the trial judge signed a formal judgment and sentence, adjudging and decreeing that the defendant was guilty of assault in the second degree, in accordance with the jury verdict, and sentencing Sampson to the statutory maximum prison term. That judgment and sentence was signed, and filed in the clerk's office, on June 27, 1972.

On July 25, 1972, Sampson's counsel moved for reconsideration of the judgment and sentence 'based upon the files and records and the results of a polygraph examination' conducted 3 days before the date of the motion for reconsideration. The polygraph examination, involving only three questions, was related to the incident out of which the conviction arose. On the same day that the motion for reconsideration was filed, the trial court vacated the original judgment and sentence and signed a second judgment and sentence suspending the prison term with a 3-year probation period.

In the Miller case, the trial judge signed a formal judgment and sentence adjudging and decreeing that the defendant Miller was guilty of grand larceny, in accordance with the jury verdict, and sentencing him to the statutory maximum prison term. That judgment and sentence was signed, and filed in the clerk's office, on July 25, 1972. Without any motion, and on his own volition, on August 3, 1972, the trial judge signed a 'corrected' judgment and sentence, having notified counsel of his intention to do so within a day or two of the original judgment and sentence. The 'corrected' judgment and sentence suspended the prison term with a 3-year probation period.

The net result in both cases was the change from a prison sentence to a suspended sentence and probation.

By writ of certiorari the state contends that the superior court did not have authority to change its own final judgment absent a ground for vacation or modification under RCW 4.72.010, which statute sets forth various grounds on which the superior court is empowered to vacate or modify an already rendered judgment.

At the outset, we note that there is some confusion in our decisions as to whether RCW 4.72.010 is even applicable to criminal cases. We said that it was not in In re McNutt v. Delmore, 47 Wash.2d 563, 288 P.2d 848 (1955), cert. denied 350 U.S. 1002, 76 S.Ct. 550, 100 L.Ed. 866 (1956). We repeated that conclusion in In re Persons v. State, 56 Wash.2d 655, 354 P.2d 895 (1960). Yet a number of cases have held that a motion to withdraw a plea of guilty after judgment and sentence will be treated as a motion to vacate the judgment pursuant to RCW 4.72.010. State v. Roberts, 136 Wash. 359, 240 P. 3 (1925); State v. McKeen, 186 Wash. 127, 56 P.2d 1026 (1936); State v. Taft, 49 Wash.2d 98, 297 P.2d 1116 (1956); State v. Mempa, 78 Wash.2d 530, 477 P.2d 178 (1970). Nonetheless, in State v. Price, 59 Wash.2d 788, 370 P.2d 979 (1962), we explicitly said that the statutes relative to vacation of judgment apply to both civil and criminal cases. See also, State v. Wells, 7 Wash.App. 553, 500 P.2d 1012 (1972), for a synopsis of a number of the cited cases.

To dispel any remaining uncertainty, we now hold that RCW 4.72.010 is applicable to a motion to modify or vacate a judgment in a criminal proceeding.

However, there is absolutely nothing in this record which discloses any ground upon which the trial court could have vacated the judgments under that statute. In fact, neither defendant moved to vacate.

The defendants argue that the court has the inherent power to modify or vacate its judgment. However, the Washington cases which they rely on are distinguishable. For example, State v. Jones, 67 Wash.2d 506, 408 P.2d 247 (1965), simply held that the superior court can correct erroneous recitals in the judgment which are merely formal parts thereof. That is not the issue here and does not sustain defendants' position. In O'Bryan v. American Inv. & Improvement Co., 50 Wash. 371, 97 P. 241 (1908), we held that the court has inherent power to modify its own judgment to make it conform to the judgment actually rendered. There is no contention here that the original judgment and sentence as signed was not then the intent of the trial court and the judgment actually rendered. State v Loux, 69 Wash.2d 855, 420 P.2d 693 (1966), cert. denied 386 U.S. 997, 87 S.Ct. 1319, 18 L.Ed.2d 347 (1967), does not support defendants' position. It dealt with the correction of an erroneous sentence (not present here) and a change of plea motion.

The Idaho case cited by defendants, State v. McCoy, 94 Idaho 236, 486 P.2d 247 (1971), involved a different principle in a 3--to--2 decision where it was held that the court has inherent power to suspend a sentence despite a mandatory minimum jail sentence required by statute. Again, that issue is not present here.

A Wisconsin case, Hayes v. State, 46 Wis.2d 93, 175 N.W.2d 625 (1970), recognizes a division in authority and adopts...