State v. Saucier

• Decision Date: 17 July 1986
• Docket Number: No. 84-566,84-566
• Citation: 128 N.H. 291,512 A.2d 1120
• Parties: The STATE of New Hampshire, v. Joseph R.E. SAUCIER.
• Court: New Hampshire Supreme Court

Page 1120

512 A.2d 1120

128 N.H. 291

The STATE of New Hampshire, v. Joseph R.E. SAUCIER.

No. 84-566.

Supreme Court of New Hampshire.

July 17, 1986.

Stephen E. Merrill, Atty. Gen. (Bradford W. Kuster, Atty., on brief and orally), for State.

McNeill & Taylor, Dover (John F. Dolan, Jr., on brief and orally), for defendant.

KING, Chief Justice.

The defendant was found guilty at a jury trial of second degree assault. RSA 631:2, III. The Superior Court (Temple, J.) sentenced him to six to twelve months in the house of correction, with three months suspended upon good behavior. The defendant appeals from his conviction, and we affirm.

On the evening of November 18, 1983, Joseph R.E. Saucier, the defendant, assaulted Joanne White at a dance held at the American Legion Hall in Rollinsford. Prior to that evening, Saucier and Ms. White had been dating for over one year, and they had planned to meet that night at the dance. As the evening progressed, the couple began to argue, and Ms. White eventually decided to leave early.

The assault began when Ms. White attempted to leave the Legion Hall. Before she got out the door, Saucier ran up to her and grabbed her, threw her against a wall, and held her by the throat. When Saucier released her, she went out the door to the parking lot. Saucier followed her, and he again grabbed her, this time holding on to her by her clothes, her hair, and her throat. Saucier picked her off the ground several times and threw her against parked cars. She struck the parked cars with her legs and back. During the assault, Saucier put his hands around her throat, choking her, and threatening that he was going to kill her.

Saucier then dragged Ms. White by her throat across the parking lot to a second entrance to the Legion Hall. He then picked her up and threw her across the Legion Hall lobby. She struck a door on the opposite side of the lobby. When Saucier began to drag her into the main hall, two police officers who were working at the dance that evening came out to the lobby, found Saucier standing over Ms. White, and separated him from her.

As a result of the assault, Ms. White had bruises on her neck, back, shoulder, and legs. She had scratches on her lip and over her eyes. She was bleeding near her ear. For nearly a week, she had a sore throat, and she found it difficult to swallow. For about one month she had a bump behind her ear.

Saucier was indicted for second degree assault, RSA 631:2, III. The indictment alleged that Saucier committed second degree assault "by recklessly causing bodily injury to Joanne White ... under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life."

Jury selection in this case took place on Monday, October 15, 1984, and the trial itself began on Friday, October 19, 1984. At the time of jury selection, the defendant's attorney, a public defender, was trying a jury case in superior court in another county. Despite requests to the judge in the other case, Saucier's attorney could not get away. On the Friday afternoon immediately preceding the beginning of jury selection, the trial court ordered that other counsel from the public defender's office handle jury selection in place of Saucier's counsel. The second attorney from the defender's office was advised of the change in plans on Friday evening, but was unable to prepare over the weekend.

A representative of the public defender's office appeared on Monday and objected to proceeding with the jury selection process under those circumstances, claiming that it violated Saucier's rights both to due process and to effective assistance of counsel under the State and Federal Constitutions. The public defender's office asked for a continuance. Over these objections, the court ruled that the jury selection process was to go forward despite the absence of Saucier's attorney "so as not to throw the entire selection process and the trial of cases for the next two weeks in disarray...." The court noted that sufficient tools were available to the replacement public defender, including the jury questionnaires and the files of Saucier's lawyer, to allow the process to go forward. After the jury trial, the defendant was found guilty of second degree assault.

In this appeal we need to answer four questions: (1) whether the trial court's denial of a request for continuance of jury selection was an abuse of discretion in denying the defendant due process and the effective assistance of counsel; (2) whether the phrase "under circumstances manifesting an extreme indifference to the value of human life," in the context of the assault statute, is unconstitutionally vague; (3) whether there was sufficient evidence to show that Saucier acted with extreme indifference to the value of human life when he attacked Ms. White; and (4) whether the trial court's instructions to the jury were misleading.

In answering the first and second questions, we will begin, as we must, by first making an independent analysis of the protections afforded under the New Hampshire Constitution, State v. Ball, 124 N.H. 226, 231, 471 A.2d 347, 350 (1983), using decisions of the United States Supreme Court and other jurisdictions only as aids in our analysis, see Michigan v. Long, 463 U.S. 1032, 103 S.Ct. 3469, 3476, 77 L.Ed.2d 1201 (1983). Thereafter, we need address federal constitutional issues only insofar as federal law would provide greater protections. Ball, supra 124 N.H. at 232, 471 A.2d at 351.

The first issue is whether the trial court abused its discretion when it declined to give the public defender a continuance of the jury selection process in this case. The defendant argues that the trial court's failure to grant a continuance denied Saucier due process of law as well as the effective assistance of counsel guaranteed by the sixth amendment to the United States Constitution and part I, article 15 of the New Hampshire Constitution. We hold that there was no abuse of discretion in this case.

Whether to grant or deny a continuance is within the trial court's sound discretion, and we will not reverse a denial of a continuance unless we find that the trial court has abused its discretion. State v. Barham, 126 N.H. 631, 640, 495 A.2d 1269, 1275 (1985). As we noted in Barham, " '[t]he matter of continuance is traditionally within the discretion of the trial judge, and it is not every denial of a request for more time that violates due process even if the party ... is compelled to defend without counsel.' 'There are no mechanical tests to determine when due process has been violated by the denial of a continuance, but in each case the totality of the circumstances must be considered.' " Id. (citations omitted).

In this case, looking at the totality of the circumstances, we find no violation of due process. The trial court found that a delay in jury selection would throw the court calendar into "disarray." The court afforded the public defender's office two and one-half days in which to prepare for jury selection. Jury selection is a limited procedure, see State v. Bailey, 127 N.H. 416, 503 A.2d 762, 765 (1985) (traditionally, jury voir dire has been conducted by the trial court rather than by counsel, except in first degree murder and capital cases), and counsel should not need as much time to prepare adequately for it as he would need to prepare to try the whole case. Cf. State v. Linsky, 117 N.H. 866, 379 A.2d 813 (1977) (eight days adequate time to prepare for trial where the evidence was fresh and the issues for trial limited). Nor was this a complex case requiring extraordinary amounts of time to prepare for jury selection.

When a defendant makes an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, he must demonstrate two things. First, he must show that the representation he was afforded fell below an objective standard of reasonableness. Second, the defendant must prove he was prejudiced by his counsel's lack of competence. In other words, the defendant must show that there is a reasonable probability that the result would have been different but for his counsel's incompetence. Breest v. Perrin, 125 N.H. 703, 706, 484 A.2d 1192, 1194-95 (1984). When an ineffective assistance of counsel claim is made, reviewing courts start with the strong presumption that counsel's conduct falls within the limits of reasonable practice. State v. Faragi, 127 N.H. 1, 498 A.2d 723 (1985). Although the replacement public defender did not make use of the weekend to prepare, she did have and apparently did use approximately two hours on the day jury selection commenced in which to prepare. Further, there is no indication that the replacement public defender's work during jury selection fell outside the limits of reasonable practice. As the United States Supreme Court noted in Morris v. Slappy, 461 U.S. 1, 103 S.Ct. 1610, 75 L.Ed.2d 610 (1983):

"[n]ot every restriction on counsel's time or opportunity to investigate or to consult with his client or otherwise to prepare for trial violates a defendant's Sixth Amendment right to counsel.... [O]nly an unreasoning and arbitrary 'insistence upon expeditiousness in the face of a justifiable request for delay' violates the right to the assistance of counsel."

Id. at 11-12, 103 S.Ct. at 1616 (citations omitted).

Although we uphold the trial court's denial of a continuance in this case, we also admonish the justices of the trial courts that in the future, when they are exercising their sound discretion in deciding whether to grant requested continuances, they should make every effort to accommodate the reasonable scheduling requests of attorneys.

The next issue is whether, in the context of the assault statute contained in RSA chapter 631, the phrase "under circumstances manifesting an extreme indifference to the value of human life" is unconstitutionally vague. We hold that it is not.

"A statute or government regulation is void for vagueness when it either forbids or requires 'the doing of...