State v. Savage, CR-06-0022.
Decision Date | 20 December 2006 |
Docket Number | CR-06-0022. |
Parties | Ex parte State of Alabama. (In re STATE of Alabama v. Parrish SAVAGE). |
Court | Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals |
Eleanor I. Brooks, district atty., and Kevin P. Davison, deputy district atty., for petitioner.
Michael L. Kidd, Montgomery, for respondent.
The district attorney for the Fifteenth Judicial Circuit filed this petition for a writ of mandamus directing Judge William Shashy to set aside his order dismissing the indictment against Jamell Savage.1 In May 2006, Savage was indicted for burglary. Pursuant to a plea agreement, Savage pleaded guilty to burglary in the third degree. Before Savage was sentenced, the State informed the circuit court that it had just discovered that Savage had been using his brother's identity and that he had been indicted under his brother's name, Jamell Savage, instead of his true name Parrish Savage.2 The State moved to correct the court records to reflect Savage's true name. On his own motion, Judge Shashy set aside the guilty plea, dismissed the indictment, and directed the State to reindict Savage under his true name — Parrish Savage. This timely petition for a writ of mandamus followed. See Rule 21(a), Ala.R.App.P.3
The State contends that Savage waived any irregularity in the indictment by pleading guilty to burglary in the third degree. It asserts that the circuit court erred in unilaterally setting aside the guilty plea and dismissing the indictment when Savage never objected to it. Savage asserts that the State has a right to appeal under Rule 15.7, Ala. R.Crim.P.; therefore, it cannot avail itself of a petition for a writ of mandamus because it has another available remedy. Savage does not dispute any of the factual assertions made by the State in its mandamus petition. "When a respondent fails to refute allegations in a mandamus petition the reviewing court must consider the petitioner's assertions to be true." State v. Maddox, 828 So.2d 946, 948 (Ala.Crim.App.2001).
Rule 15.7, Ala.R.Crim.P., provides that the State may appeal certain pretrial rulings dismissing an indictment. However, once jeopardy has attached the State no longer has a right to appeal. As we stated in Ex parte City of Tarrant, 850 So.2d 366, 367-68 (Ala.Crim.App.2002):
In relation to a guilty plea, jeopardy attaches when a guilty plea is entered and a court of competent jurisdiction accepts that plea. See Odoms v. State, 359 So.2d 1162, 1164 (Ala.Crim.App.1978). Here, Judge Shashy accepted Savage's guilty plea, and the only matter to be resolved was Savage's sentence. Judge Shashy, a circuit judge, clearly had jurisdiction to accept a guilty plea to a felony. See § 12-11-30, (2), Ala.Code 1975. Thus, jeopardy had attached; therefore, the State's only remedy was to file a petition for a writ of mandamus.
Section 15-8-90, Ala.Code 1975, provides:
"An indictment may be amended, with the consent of the defendant entered of record, when the name of the defendant is incorrectly stated or when any person, property or matter therein stated is incorrectly described."
However, Rule 13.5, Ala.R.Crim.P., supersedes this Code section. See Edwards v. State, 480 So.2d 1259, 1261 (Ala.Crim.App. 1985) (Rule 15.5(a), Ala. R.Crim.P.Temp now Rule 13.5(a), Ala.R.Crim.P., "supplants § 15-8-90, Code of Alabama, 1975.") Rule 13.5(a), Ala.R.Crim.P., states:
Rule 13.5(c)(2), Ala.R.Crim.P., states:
"No charge shall be deemed invalid, nor shall the trial, judgment, or other proceedings thereon be stayed, arrested, or in any manner affected, for any defect or imperfection in the charge which does not tend to prejudice the substantial rights of the defendant upon the merits."
In discussing the impact of Rule 13.5, Ala.R.Crim.P., on § 15-8-90, Ala.Code 1975, this court in Hamilton v. State, 680 So.2d 987, 996-97 (Ala.Crim.App.1996), stated:
The remedy for a claim of misnomer in an indictment is to file a motion prior to entering a plea. "After a plea to the merits, the appellant's claim of misnomer comes too late." Hembree v. City of Birmingham, 381 So.2d 664, 666 (Ala. Crim.App.1980). "Objections based on defects in the commencement of the proceeding or in the charge, other than lack of subject matter jurisdiction or failure to charge an offense, may be raised only by pretrial motion as provided in Rule 15.3." Rule 15.2(a), Ala. R.Crim.P. (emphasis added).
Defects concerning the name of the accused in an indictment are defects related to personal jurisdiction. "A misnomer is not a jurisdictional defect or a failure to charge an offense." Mayo v. State, 458 A.2d 26, 27 (Del.1983). Defects in personal jurisdiction may be waived if not raised in a timely manner and if they have no impact on a court's subject-matter jurisdiction. See Finney v. State, 860 So.2d 367 (Ala.Crim.App.2002). As the Alabama Supreme Court recently noted in Ex parte Seymour, 946 So.2d 536 (Ala. 2006):
In Finney v. State, this Court considered the validity of an indictment that omitted the defendant's name from a count contained in the indictment. In finding that the defect was not fatal, we stated:
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