State v. Tharpe

• Decision Date: 09 March 1987
• Docket Number: No. C,C
• Citation: State v. Tharpe, 726 S.W.2d 896 (Tenn. 1987)
• Parties: STATE of Tennessee, Appellant, v. Alvin THARPE, Defendant-Appellee. C.A. 2 726 S.W.2d 896
• Court: Tennessee Supreme Court

Page 896

726 S.W.2d 896

STATE of Tennessee, Appellant, v.Alvin THARPE, Defendant-Appellee.

No. C.C.A. 2

726 S.W.2d 896

Supreme Court of Tennessee at Jackson.

March 9, 1987.

W.J. Michael Cody, Atty. Gen. and Reporter, William Barry Wood, Asst. Atty. Gen., Nashville, Thomas T. Woodall, Asst. Dist. Atty. Gen., Paris, for appellant.

Alvin Tharpe, pro se.

Thomas F. Ventimiglia, Swayne, Groom, Hessing and Ventimiglia, Paris, for defendant-appellee.

OPINION

DROWOTA, Justice.

Permission to appeal has been granted in this case to clarify the law concerning whether circumstantial evidence, from which the jury could reasonably find that stolen goods had been received from a third person, is sufficient to convict a defendant.Defendant, Alvin Tharpe, was convicted by a Henry County jury of receiving stolen property under T.C.A. Sec. 39-3-1113(receiving stolen property with a value under $200);he was sentenced to two years in the Henry County Jail as a Range I, Standard Offender.On appeal, a divided panel of the Court of Criminal Appeals reversed Defendant's conviction, finding that no evidence showed that Defendant had received the stolen property from a third person.We reverse the Court of Criminal Appeals and reinstate the judgment of the trial court.

The Defendant's conviction is based wholly on circumstantial evidence.Sometime during the night of May 22 or the morning of May 23, 1984, the Towne House Restaurant in Paris, Tennessee, was burglarized.Entry was gained through a broken blade in the exhaust fan at the rear of the building.The fan was greasy and foot, hand, and finger prints were left by the burglar on a table beneath the fan and on the floor of the restaurant.The interior office door and a filing cabinet in the office were both forced open.Approximately $100 in various denominations of change was taken along with some 17 to 20 blank, unsigned payroll checks, which had been torn from the middle of the unused portion of the checkbook.

Between 9:00 and 10:00 on the morning of May 23, 1984, Defendant entered the Commercial Bank and Trust Company of Paris.Presenting a Towne House Restaurant payroll check, drawn for $200 and apparently signed by the restaurant's owner, Defendant claimed to be Aaron Dolberry, an employee of the restaurant and the named payee.Ms. Anita Ford, the teller trainee to whom the check was presented, knew that Defendant was not the Aaron Dolberry with whom she was familiar and asked Defendant to endorse the check.Having overheard, Ms. Marjorie Redmon, an experienced teller, offered her assistance.She too knew an Aaron Dolberry and did not recognize Defendant as the Aaron Dolberry she knew.Ms. Redmon called Defendant to her window and requested that he present identification.Defendant had endorsed the check as Aaron Dolberry but told Ms. Redmon that his identification was in his car.Taking the check, Defendant left the bank ostensibly to obtain identification, but he never returned.

In the course of Defendant's attempt to cash the check, Ms. Marianne Allen, a loan officer for the bank, noticed the commotion at the tellers' windows and recognized Defendant, with whom she had had prior dealings on the preceding day, May 22, 1984.Defendant had come to the bank about a delinquent loan on which the bank was seeking payment.He had introduced himself to Ms. Allen as Alvin Tharpe.After Defendant left the bank on May 23, Ms. Allen found out that he had attempted to negotiate a Towne House Restaurant check payable to Aaron Dolberry.A short time later, Ms. Redmon telephoned Aaron Dolberry at the Towne House Restaurant and informed him that someone had attempted to negotiate a Towne House payroll check payable to him.Mr. Dolberry then told Jackie Owens, the owner of the restaurant, that a Towne House check had been presented at the bank.Mr. Owens examined his checkbook and discovered checks missing from the middle of the checkbook.

The burglary at the Towne House Restaurant and the Defendant's attempt to negotiate a Towne House check were both reported to the police.Based in part on the identifications of Defendant by the bank employees, a warrant for Defendant's arrest was obtained on May 23, 1984, and Defendant was arrested shortly thereafter.On September 17, 1984, the Grand Jury returned a four count indictment charging Defendant with third degree burglary, petit larceny, receiving stolen property under the value of $200, and concealing stolen property under the value of $200.Trial was held on November 29, 1984, in the Henry County Circuit Court.Defendant was 20 years old at the time of trial; he is about six feet two or three inches tall and weighs over 200 pounds.

At trial, Mr. Owens testified that his employees discovered the burglary when they opened the restaurant on the morning of May 23, 1984.The employees notified him and he came to the restaurant to determine what had been taken.He did not discover that any checks were missing until Mr. Dolberry informed him that the bank had called about the attempted negotiation of a Towne House check by Defendant.None of the checks had been signed by Mr. Owens.He also stated that the exhaust fan through which entry had been gained is on a frame four feet by four feet but that, while the fan blades are sufficiently close together to prevent entry ordinarily, one of the blades had been broken off in a previous burglary, leaving a space of about 15 inches through which the burglar entered the restaurant.The fan is about five feet from the floor and a table is placed just beneath the fan; the burglar had stepped down onto the table as he entered.The police were called to investigate the burglary prior to the discovery of the missing checks.

Lieutenant Eddie Snow, an investigator with the Paris Police Department, testified that he was called to the Commercial Bank on the morning of May 23 to investigate the attempted negotiation of a Towne House payroll check by a person who the tellers believed was not the named payee.Lt. Snow did not perform the initial investigation of the burglary but he did go to the Towne House Restaurant to speak with Mr. Owens because no checks had been reported missing to the two investigating officers.Mr. Owens had discovered that the checks had been taken only after the bank notified Mr. Dolberry that someone had attempted to negotiate a check payable to him.Lt. Snow obtained descriptions and positive identifications from police photographs of Defendant from employees at the bank.No physical evidence, such as fingerprints, was preserved from the burglary of the Towne House.When Defendant was arrested, he had no checks from the Towne House in his possession.Subsequent to Defendant's arrest, other Towne House checks had been presented for negotiation in Paris by persons other than Defendant.Lt. Snow testified that no connection between these subsequently presented checks and Defendant had been discovered.

Another Paris Police Officer testified as well.While working the 11:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. patrol shift on May 22 and 23, 1984, Officer Keith Hopkins saw Defendant standing with an unidentified person in the parking lot of the Dairy Queen, which adjoins the parking lot of the Towne House Restaurant.He knows Defendant by sight.Officer Hopkins estimated the time at which he saw Defendant to have been about midnight.On the morning of May 23, he was one of two officers who investigated the burglary of the Towne House.He stated that entry was made through the broken blade in the exhaust fan at the rear of the building.He thought that only a fairly small person could get through the space between the blades.Although greasy tracks and fingerprints were discovered no prints were preserved from the scene.

Three bank employees also testified.Ms. Ford stated that shortly after opening on the morning of May 23, 1984, while she was working as a teller trainee, a $200 Towne House check, payable to Aaron Dolberry and purportedly signed by Mr. Owens, was presented to her by Defendant for negotiation.She knew Mr. Dolberry personally and asked Defendant to endorse the check; Defendant then signed Mr. Dolberry's name.Ms. Redmon was at the teller's window next to Ms. Ford's and, having overheard the conversation between Defendant and Ms. Ford and knowing Mr. Dolberry as well, she offered her assistance when Ms. Ford sought help with the transaction.Ms. Redmon called Defendant to her teller's window and requested identification.Defendant claimed to have his identification in his car and, taking the check, he left the bank and did not return.Ms. Redmon then telephoned Mr. Dolberry and the Paris Police Department.In addition, Ms. Allen testified that she noticed the situation as it developed at the tellers' windows and recognized Defendant from the previous day, May 22, when he had introduced himself to her with his actual name and had talked to her about the bank's pending loan collection suit against Defendant.

At the close of the State's evidence, Defendant made a Motion for Judgment of Acquittal on all counts.The trial court granted the Defendant's Motion as to counts one and two, third degree burglary and larceny.The Defendant then rested his case.The instructions given to the jury for submission on counts three and four, receiving or concealing stolen property under the value of $200, included an instruction on the use of circumstantial evidence to prove guilt.A verdict of guilty was returned by the jury on count three (receiving).On appeal, the Court of Criminal Appeals reversed Defendant's conviction, holding that the evidence was insufficient to sustain the conviction.Relying on Deerfield v. State, 220 Tenn. 546, 420 S.W.2d 649(1967), the majority of the Court of Criminal Appeals found that the evidence did not show that Defendant had received the check from a third party.The dissent argued that the evidence was sufficient to permit the jury to conclude that Def...