State v. Tozzi

• Decision Date: 03 March 1987
• Docket Number: No. 869SC825,869SC825
• Citation: 353 S.E.2d 250,84 N.C.App. 517
• Parties: STATE of North Carolina v. Russell Jerome TOZZI
• Court: North Carolina Court of Appeals

Page 250

353 S.E.2d 250

84 N.C.App. 517

STATE of North Carolina v. Russell Jerome TOZZI

No. 869SC825.

Court of Appeals of North Carolina.

March 3, 1987.

Atty. Gen. Lacy H. Thornburg by Asst. Atty. Gen. David Ray Blackwell, Raleigh, for the State.

Hubbard, Galloway, and Cates by Mark Galloway, Roxboro, for defendant-appellant.

JOHNSON, Judge.

Defendant presents five Assignments of Error on the part of the trial court for revoking his probation and activating an amended fifteen year suspended sentence. We find no error in the trial court's judgment.

Defendant's first two Assignments of Error raise the issue of whether the original judgment stands fatally defective pursuant to G.S. § 15A-1301 because the caption on the original filed judgment misstated the file number in the indictment for breaking and entering, larceny, and possession of stolen goods. The file number on the indictment in question is 83-CRS-8053. The judgment suspending sentence shows the file number of the indictment as 84-CRS-8053.

G.S. § 15A-1301, which requires, inter alia, that an order of commitment include identification of the offense, provides "a blanket authorization for the preparation of orders of commitment when there is no other specific authorization," see Official Commentary to G.S. § 15A-1301. The trial court, in its 11 July 1984 judgment, imposed a suspended sentence and probation pursuant to G.S. § 15A-1342 and § 15A-1343(b)(1). The judgment, therefore, was based on "other specific authorization," making G.S. § 15A-1301 inapplicable.

Furthermore, defendant waived this exception by failing to object to the misstatement at the revocation hearing. G.S. § 15A-1342(g) provides, inter alia, that defendant's failure to object to a condition of probation imposed pursuant to § 15A-1343(b)(1) does not constitute a waiver of the right to object at a later time to that condition. In State v. Cooper, 304 N.C. 180, 183, 282 S.E.2d 436, 439 (1981), the North Carolina Supreme Court held that defendants may not raise an initial objection to a condition of probation (here, that sentencing and probation were based on a defective judgment) on appeal, but must first object no later than the revocation hearing. The record on appeal in this case contains no written or oral objections by defendant raising the issue of a defect in the original judgment at the revocation hearing. Defendant waives on appeal any issues not presented at trial. State v. Brown, 33 N.C.App. 84, 234 S.E.2d 32 (1977). Cooper, supra, therefore, requires us to reject defendant's first Assignment of Error as waived.

Defendant's next Assignment of Error raises the issue of whether the evidentiary standard and the State's burden of proof in probation revocation hearings as per G.S. § 15A-1345(e) are indeterminate and therefore unconstitutional.

Defendant has waived appellate review of this issue by failing to contest the constitutionality of G.S. § 15A-1345(e) at the probation revocation hearing. See State v. Cooper, supra. Nevertheless, we have held that evidence at a probation revocation hearing "need be such that reasonably satisfies the trial judge in the exercise of his sound discretion that the defendant has violated a valid condition on which the sentence was suspended." State v. Freeman, 47 N.C.App. 171, 175, 266 S.E.2d 723, 725 (1980). In Freeman, supra, we held further that probation matters are "not governed by the rules of a criminal trial. Consequently, a jury is not required ... nor must the proof of violation be beyond a reasonable doubt." Id. (citing State v. Ducan, 270 N.C. 241, 154 S.E.2d 53 (1967)). Because probation revocation hearings are not formal criminal proceedings requiring proof beyond a reasonable doubt, and the evidentiary standard therein is clear, we find that the State's burden of proof during probation revocation hearings is to present evidence that reasonably satisfies the trial court in its discretion that defendant has violated a valid condition of probation. We hold that the evidentiary standard and State's burden of proof applied to probation revocation hearings pursuant to G.S. § 15A-1345(e) are not unconstitutionally indefinite.

Defendant's last two Assignments of Error raise the issue of whether the trial court erred by failing to make findings of fact concerning the defendant's necessity to leave his authorized residence in order to find work.

Any violation of a valid condition of probation is sufficient to revoke defendant's probation. State v. Freeman, supra, 47 N.C.App. at 176, 266 S.E.2d at 725 (citing State v. Braswell, 283 N.C. 332, 196 S.E.2d 185 (1973)). All that...