State v. Waites
| Decision Date | 05 November 1971 |
| Citation | 490 P.2d 188,7 Or.App. 137 |
| Parties | STATE of Oregon, Respondent, v. James E. WAITES, Appellant. |
| Court | Oregon Court of Appeals |
Kevin P. O'Connell, Portland, argued the cause for appellant. With him on the brief were O'Connell, Goyak, Haugh & Loew, Portland.
Thomas H. Denney, Asst. Atty. Gen., Salem, argued the cause for respondent. With him on the brief were Lee Johnson, Atty. Gen., and John W. Osburn, Sol. Gen., Salem.
Before SCHWAB, C.J., and LANGTRY and THORNTON, JJ.
Defendant was convicted of raping his 14-year-old daughter, ORS 163.220, and appeals.
The prosecuting witness testified that the rape took place on August 30, 1969, as charged in the indictment, and that as a result she ran away from home the next day. She also testified that sexual assaults by the defendant had been taking place regularly over approximately a two-year period before August 30, 1969. 1
Mr. Bryan, a juvenile court counselor, appeared as a witness for the state. In connection with her work, Mrs. Bryan had numerous intermittent contacts with the prosecuting witness starting in 1965. Of present importance are Mrs. Bryan's contacts with the prosecuting witness during September of 1969. After running away from home, the prosecuting witness was arrested on a shoplifting charge on September 1, 1969, and taken to the Juvenile Detection Home, and apparently remained there during all or most of the month of September. Mrs. Bryan saw and spoke with the prosecuting witness frequently during this period.
At trial, Mrs. Bryan testified as to a conversation that took place September 18, 1969, between herself and the prosecuting witness. Over appropriate objections, Mrs. Bryan testified the prosecuting witness told her: (1) she had been sexually assaulted on August 30, 1969; (2) similar assaults had taken place frequently over a two-year period prior to that date; and (3) all such assaults took place in the victim's family home. Mrs. Bryan said nothing about the identity of the assailant, other than indirectly through the reference to the victim's family home.
Defendant's principal contention is that it was error to admit the objected-to portions of Mrs. Bryan's testimony.
Mrs. Bryan's testimony concerning the complaint made to her by the prosecuting witness was hearsay, and is therefore inadmissible unless coming within one of the recognized exceptions to the hearsay rule. State v. Emery, Or.App., 91 Adv.Sh. 1779, 480 P.2d 445 (1971).
One well-established exception would permit Mrs. Bryan to testify to all the details of the complaint made, if it was reasonably contemporaneous with the alleged sexual assault.
'* * * (W)hen the declaration is contemporaneous with the offense, it is a part of the Res gestae and then the particulars of the statement are admissible * * *.' State v. Matson, 120 Or. 666, 670--671, 253 P. 527, 529 (1927).
See also, State v. Hutchison, 222 Or. 533, 353 P.2d 1047, 83 A.L.R.2d 1361 (1960). However, this exception is not available in the case at bar, because here the complaint was made almost three weeks after the alleged offense. See State v. Emery, supra.
There is another exception applicable to prosecutions for sexual offenses that was recognized early in Oregon jurisprudence. State v. Sargent, 32 Or. 110, 49 P. 889 (1897); State of Oregon v. Tom, 8 Or. 177 (1879). It provides that a person to whom a complaint of sexual misconduct is made by the prosecuting witness can testify that a complaint was made, but cannot testify as to the details of the complaint. 2 This rule has been consistently followed in Oregon, 3 and apparently has also been adopted in a majority of other jurisdictions. See, 75 C.J.S. Rape § 53, p. 523. Thus, the exact question presented is whether Mrs. Bryan, in testifying as to the substance of the complaint that the prosecuting witness made to her, exceeded the scope of the limited hearsay exception that has been recognized in cases of this type.
There is little guidance in the cases to determine exactly what constitutes permissible testimony that a complaint was made as distinguished from impermissible testimony as to the details of the complaint, other than the clearly established rule that the witness cannot state the identity of the alleged assailant. See, e.g., State v. Whitman, 72 Or. 415, 143 P. 1121 (1914). However, after reviewing the prior Oregon cases on this subject, we recently stated:
(Emphasis supplied.) State v. Emery, supra, 91 Adv.Sh. at 1780, n. 1, 480 P.2d at 447.
Under the but-nothing-more standard stated in Emery, we conclude Mrs. Bryan's hearsay testimony as to the location 4 of the assaults and as to the prior assaults over a two-year period was beyond the scope of the exception here discussed.
Although the state has not here made the argument, a final possible hearsay exception that would sustain the admission of the challenged evidence is stated in the proposed Uniform Rules of Evidence:
'Evidence of a statement which is made other than by a witness while testifying at the hearing offered to prove the truth of the matter stated is hearsay evidence and inadmissible except:
'(1) A statement previously made by a person who is present at the hearing and available for cross examination with respect to the statement and its subject matter, provided the statement would be admissible if made by declarant while testifying as a witness * * *.
'* * *.' Rule 63.
In this case the out-of-court declarant, i.e., the prosecuting witness, was obviously 'present at the hearing and available for cross examination.' Thus Rule 63(1) would permit Mrs. Bryan to testify to the full details of the September 18, 1969, conversation with the prosecuting witness.
It has been pointed out that the law in Oregon is not in accord with the proposed Uniform Rule. See, Swearingen, How the Adoption of the Uniform Rules of Evidence Would Affect the Law of Evidence in Oregon: Rules 62--66, 42 Or.L.Rev. 200 (1963), and cases cited therein. More recently, our Supreme Court has stated:
State v. Randolph, 251 Or. 45, 47, 444 P.2d 545 (1968).
We quoted this same passage from Randolph in State v. Fennell, Or.App., 489 P.2d 964 (1971), and noted that the Randolph decision left the question of whether Rule 63(1) is or is not the law of Oregon in...
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