State v. Williams

• Decision Date: 08 November 1972
• Citation: 500 P.2d 722,11 Or.App. 255
• Parties: STATE of Oregon, Respondent, v. Lawrence Stacy WILLIAMS, Appellant.
• Court: Oregon Court of Appeals

Page 722

500 P.2d 722

11 Or.App. 255

STATE of Oregon, Respondent, v. Lawrence Stacy WILLIAMS, Appellant.

Court of Appeals of Oregon, Department 1.

Argued and Submitted June 23, 1972.

Decided Sept. 8, 1972.

Rehearing Denied Nov. 8, 1972.

F. E. Glenn, Deputy Public Defender, Salem, argued the cause for appellant. With him on the briefs was Gary D. Babcock, Public Defender, Salem.

Al J. Laue, Asst. Atty. Gen., Salem, argued the cause for respondent. With him on the briefs were Lee Johnson, Atty. Gen., John W. Osburn, Sol. Gen., and Thomas H. Denney, Asst. Atty. Gen., Salem.

Before SCHWAB, C.J., and FORT and THORNTON, JJ.

FORT, Judge.

Defendant was convicted of second degree murder. Former ORS 163.020. He appeals asserting several errors.

The principal problem relates to the denial of a motion for a new trial, based upon the failure of the state to advise the defendant of knowledge in its possession concerning the lengthy arrest record of the decedent. The chief issue at the trial was whether the defendant shot the deceased in self-defense.

Following arraignment, the state, at the request of defendant's counsel and in accordance with its usual policy, made its file available to him. At that time, the file contained reports from the Oregon State Police and the local sheriff's office indicating that a check showed no prior local record for the deceased. Counsel, in the preparation and trial of the case, relied on this information.

Shortly after counsel had completed his examination of the state's file, the latter, as a part of its routine check, received from the FBI a 'rap' sheet, which indicated that the decedent, over a period of more than ten years, had been arrested numerous times for drunkenness, driving under the influence of liquor, and once for destruction of private property. It indicated that he had been convicted of most of those charges. All these activities had occurred either in Nevada or California. The most recent arrest had occurred about 18 months prior to the homicide.

This information was not made available to the defendant nor was it called to his counsel's attention until after the jury had retired and was deliberating. No contention is made that it was deliberately secreted or withheld by the state. It simply was not received and placed in the state's file until after defendant's counsel had completed his examination of that file.

Both decedent and defendant had had substantial quantities of beer prior to the shooting. There was direct conflict in the testimony concerning who was the aggressor. It was the defendant's theory, supported by substantial evidence, that the defendant became very aggressive under the influence of the liquor. The decedent was at least six inches taller and 70 pounds heavier than the defendant.

Defendant contends that had he had access to the information contained in the 'rap' sheet at the time it became available to the state, he would have had an opportunity to investigate the decedent's reputation for aggressive behavior while under the influence of intoxicating liquor, and based thereon, to produce evidence relevant thereto. State v. Hansen, 3 Or.App. 378, 474 P.2d 17 (1970).

In Hanson v. Cupp, 5 Or.App. 312, 484 P.2d 847 (1971), this court said:

'In Brady v. Maryland, (373 U.S. 83, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 10 L.Ed.2d 215) supra, the court said:

"The principle of Mooney v. Holohan (294 U.S. 103, 55 S.Ct. 340, 79 L.Ed. 791) is not punishment of society for misdeeds of a prosecutor but avoidance of an unfair trial to the accused * * *.' 373 U.S. at 87, 83 S.Ct. at 1197.

'Brady focuses the deprivation of due process squarely upon the harm to defendant and not upon the motives of the prosecution. It thus approves of cases holding 'negligent suppression' to be a violation of due process. In this light it rationally matters not whether the evidence favorable to the defendant and in the hands of the state was or was not requested by the defendant. Nor does it matter whether it was negligently, accidentally or maliciously withheld. The sole questions are:

'(1) Did the state have such evidence?

'(2) Was it evidence of substantial significance for the defense--was it evidence which, if believed by a trier of fact, would be seriously considered by that trier of fact in determining guilt or innocence?'

Here, the defendant, pursuant to the district attorney's 'open file' policy, was furnished a file that apparently negated the existence of evidence that might well have had substantial significance for the defendant. In Hanson v. Cupp, supra, we also said, adopting the language of Barbee v. Warden, Maryland Penitentiary, 331 F.2d 842 (4th Cir. 1964):

"* * * In gauging the non-disclosure in terms of due process, the focus must be on the essential fairness of the procedure and not on the astuteness of either counsel.',

and

"* * * If the police silence as to the existence of the reports resulted from negligence rather than guile, the deception is no less damaging.' 331 F.2d at 846.' 5 Or.App. 312, 484 P.2d 847 (1971).

In Giles v. Maryland, 386 U.S. 66, 87 S.Ct. 793, 17 L.Ed.2d 737 (1967), decided after Brady, the Supreme Court considered and left open the question of the degree of prejudice which defendant must show. It said:

'* * * Thus the case presents the broad questions whether the prosecution's constitutional duty to disclose extends to all evidence admissible and useful to the defense, and the degree of prejudice which must be shown to make necessary a new trial. We find, however, that it is unnecessary, and therefore inappropriate, to examine those questions. * * *' 386 U.S. at 73--74, 87 S.Ct. at 797.

Concerning 'the degree of prejudice which must be shown to make necessary a new trial', the state relies upon State v. Achziger, Or.App., 94 Adv.Sh. 1558, 1567, 497 P.2d 383 (1972). In that case we upheld the denial of a motion for a new trial based upon evidence known to the prosecution but not revealed prior to or during the trial to the defense. That case was tried to the court sitting without a jury. We held:

'The court's statement that this evidence would have no influence on its decision conclusively establishes that the evidence is not exculpatory or material to the defense, so as to warrant reversal. See Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 87, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 10 L.Ed.2d 215 (1963); Annotation, 34 A.L.R.3d 16, 52, § 6 (1970).'

Here, not only is there no finding concerning the probability of prejudice resulting from the non-disclosure, but this case was tried to a jury thus precluding such a finding of fact. That case, therefore, is not in point.

The Supreme Court of California recently had occasion to consider at length the failure of the state in a rape case to disclose a 'rap' sheet. This revealed an arrest record of the husband of the prosecutrix, who was himself a principal witness for the state. The 'rap' sheet set forth numerous entries including a felony conviction and his commitment to state hospitals as a sex degenerate and a psychotic. The defense was that the admitted acts of intercourse were consensual and were the result of the husband pandering his wife to the defendant.

The court in holding the failure to disclose the 'rap' sheet data, even though not requested, was a violation of due process, said:

'In these circumstances, the credibility of the Millers and petitioner was the crucial issue. * * * Had the defense known that Mr. Miller had also suffered a felony conviction and had been committed to a state hospital as a sexual degenerate as a youth and again committed after he reached 21 years of age, it is reasonably probable that it could have obtained a different verdict. Evidence as to Mr. Miller's felony conviction and his mental stability when coupled with the obvious mental limitations of Mrs. Miller may well have caused the jury to refuse to find beyond a reasonable doubt that their version of the occurrence was true.' In re Ferguson, 5 Cal.3d 525, 96 Cal.Rptr. 594, 487 P.2d 1234, 1241 (1971).

See also, Levin v. Clark, 133 U.S.App.D.C. 6, 408 F.2d 1209 (1967); United States v. Keogh, 391 F.2d 138 (2d Cir. 1968); Ashley v. State of Texas, 319 F.2d 80 (5th Cir. 1963).

We conclude that the 'rap' sheet here would reasonably have been anticipated to enable the production of 'evidence ¹ of substantial significance for the defense' within the rule of Hanson v. Cupp, supra, upon the crucial issue of self-defense. Such evidence would reflect directly on the sole issue--that of self- defense--upon which guilt or innocence depends. The motion for a new trial should have been granted. Our conclusion makes it unnecessary to consider the other assignments of error.

Reversed and remanded.

THORNTON, Judge (dissenting).

I believe that granting defendant a new trial on the facts presented here is unjustified, and constitutes an unwarranted extension of Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 10 L.Ed.2d 215 (1963), and Hanson v. Cupp, 5...