State v. Williams

• Decision Date: 10 April 1990
• Docket Number: No. 89,89
• Citation: State v. Williams, 560 So.2d 899 (La. App. 1990)
• Parties: STATE of Louisiana v. Joseph WILLIAMS, Jr. KW 0279. 560 So.2d 899
• Court: Court of Appeal of Louisiana

Page 899

560 So.2d 899

STATE of Louisiana v. Joseph WILLIAMS, Jr.

No. 89 KW 0279.

560 So.2d 899

Court of Appeal of Louisiana First Circuit.

April 10, 1990.

Rehearing Denied June 4, 1990.

Bryan Bush, Dist. Atty., Office of the Dist. Atty., Baton Rouge by James Murray, Asst. Dist. Atty., for plaintiff/appellee.

Charles E. Daspit, Harry Shoemaker, III, Baton Rouge, for defendant/appellant.

Before CARTER, SAVOIE and ALFORD, JJ.

CARTER, Judge.

This matter is before us on remand from the Louisiana Supreme Court. State v. Williams, 548 So.2d 1216 (La.1989). The only matter presented for our review is the trial court's ruling granting defendant's motion to suppress physical evidence and statements. The Louisiana Supreme Court remanded this matter to us for briefing, argument, and an opinion.

Defendant was charged with driving while intoxicated, first offense, a violation of LSA-R.S. 14:98. He filed several motions to suppress evidence. Only the motion regarding probable cause for a stop was considered; the remainder were deferred until trial on the merits. After a hearing, the trial court granted the motion to suppress; and the state sought review of that ruling. This court granted the state's application for writs and remanded the matter. State v. Williams, KW 89 0279. Respondent-defendant then sought review by the Louisiana Supreme Court, and that court granted his application for supervisory relief and vacated this court's ruling. Pursuant to that order, this court has reviewed the record and briefs from relator and respondent.

The following testimony was elicited at the pretrial hearing on the motion to suppress. The testimony of the arresting officer, Robert White, reveals that defendant was stopped on Plank Road at 1:15 a.m., July 3, 1988. Trooper White made the stop after defendant's vehicle crossed the double yellow center line and forced him off of the road, onto the shoulder. He stated the initial stop was based upon crossing a double yellow center line and improper lane usage. During cross-examination, Trooper White stated a man was changing a tire one-quarter of a mile north of where he stopped defendant. He admitted that, due to a reduction in traffic after midnight, any violation appears more prominent. Trooper White testified he is particularly "keen" to stopping persons driving while intoxicated when he is compelled to evade their vehicles.

Defendant testified he was turning onto the street on which he lives when he was stopped by Trooper White. He admitted crossing the yellow line, but claimed he did so to avoid a vehicle parked on the roadside. Defendant testified he did not see the officer drive onto the road shoulder. He stated he did not believe he posed any danger to the officer. Defendant was traveling at a speed of 45 m.p.h. During cross-examination, he admitted that he had consumed alcoholic beverages and that he was familiar with the fact that the amount of alcoholic beverages consumed will to some extent impair a person. After an objection by the defense, the trial court prevented the prosecution from questioning defendant regarding his ability to perceive distance, etc. at the time he was stopped.

The trial court ruled in defendant's favor and stated he tended to believe that defendant swerved in order to avoid hurting the person on the side of the road or himself. The trial court stated:

I think they are both testifying to the best of their knowledge of what they recall that night. But it's more important to the defendant why he swerved. Now I could say he's bias because it's more important. But I tend to believe him that he saw a car on the side of the road and that's why he swerved. If that in fact was the case, then he was taking evasive action to keep from hurting someone or himself. In that case, if the officer had seen that, he would not have had probable cause to stop him. The officer kind of corroborated the defendant's testimony that there was a car on the side of the road changing a tire. They're just in disagreement as to where exactly the car was parked.

Defendant claims the conflicting testimony between himself and the trooper goes to the issue of witness credibility which is a determination to be made by the finder of fact. Additionally, he urges that the factual findings of the trial court should not be disturbed.

DISCUSSION

The Fourth Amendment to the Federal Constitution and Art. 1, Sec. 5, of the Louisiana Constitution protect people against unreasonable searches and seizures. However, the right of law enforcement officers to stop and interrogate one reasonably suspected of criminal conduct is recognized by LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 215.1, as well as by both the federal and state jurisprudence. Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968); State v. Belton, 441 So.2d 1195 (La.1983), cert. denied, 466 U.S. 953, 104 S.Ct. 2158, 80 L.Ed.2d 543 (1984); State v. Andrishok, 434 So.2d 389 (La.1983). It has been held that reasonable cause for an investigatory detention is something less than probable cause and must be determined under the facts of each case by examining whether or not the officer had sufficient knowledge of facts and circumstances to justify an infringement on the individual's right to be free from governmental interference. State v. Williams, 416 So.2d 91 (La.1982); State v. Myers, 490 So.2d 700 (La.App. 2nd Cir.1986), writ denied, 493 So.2d 1221 (La.1986); State v. Williams, 489 So.2d 286 (La.App. 4th Cir.1986). But see, however, State v. Vaughn, 448 So.2d 915 (La.App. 3rd Cir.1984). The right to make an investigatory stop and question the particular individual detained must be based upon reasonable cause to believe that he has been, is, or is about to be engaged in criminal conduct. State v. Elias, 509 So.2d 86 (La.App. 1st Cir.1987), writ denied, 512 So.2d 464 (La.1987).

The record reflects defendant's traffic deviation was pronounced. Evidently, the trooper considered...