Stevenson v. Boles, 9202.
Decision Date | 28 April 1964 |
Docket Number | No. 9202.,9202. |
Citation | 331 F.2d 939 |
Parties | Ernest STEVENSON, Appellee, v. Otto C. BOLES, Warden of the West Virginia State Penitentiary, Appellant. |
Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Fourth Circuit |
Claude A. Joyce, Asst. Atty. Gen. of West Virginia (C. Donald Robertson, Atty. Gen. of West Virginia, on brief), for appellant.
Ronald P. Sokol, Charlottesville, Va. Court-assigned counsel (Tom T. Baker, Huntington, W. Va., Court-assigned counsel, on brief), for appellee.
Before SOBELOFF, Chief Judge, and BRYAN and J. SPENCER BELL, Circuit Judges.
This is an appeal by the State of West Virginia from an order of the District Court directing that the prisoner Ernest Stevenson be released or retried within a reasonable time. The District Court found that the prisoner's constitutional rights had been violated by the introduction at his original trial of a coerced oral confession. The District Court's opinion is published at 221 F.Supp. 411.
On February 5, 1960, at 11:00 a.m. the body of Louise Davis was found lying in a pool of blood in the back room of the Atlantic Seafood Shop in the city of Huntington, West Virginia. She had been brutally murdered at about 1:00 o'clock that morning. Her head was crushed and both jaws broken. She had a stab wound in the chest, and there were indications that she had been raped. The owner of the shop testified that $42.00 was missing from the cash register. Shortly after the crime was discovered the police learned that the prisoner and an unidentified man had been observed at the scene of the crime at about the time fixed for the death. They went to the prisoner's sister's home, where he was residing, and took him into custody. Instead of taking him directly to the police station they "detoured" by the scene of the crime. The state's brief succinctly sets forth what happened thereafter.
The voluntariness of the confession — the ground of the District Judge's decision to grant the petitioner conditional release on habeas corpus — we do not reach. Hence we do not pass upon the right or wrong of the Court's findings and conclusions. The same end, however, is reached by our view: that in his trial the petitioner was deprived of Fourteenth Amendment due process by the criminal trial court's failure to instruct the jury explicitly that before they could accept the oral confession, they must believe beyond a reasonable doubt that it was given on his own volition.
Without his disclosure, it is possible that guilt could not have been found. Though perhaps too tardily interposed to require a preliminary hearing on the issue, cf. United States ex rel. Jackson v. Denno, 309 F.2d 573 (2 Cir. 1962), cert. granted, 371 U.S. 967, 83 S.Ct. 553, 9 L.Ed.2d 538 (1963); Wilson v. Sigler, 285 F.2d 372, 377 (8 Cir. 1961); United States v. Aviles, 274 F.2d 179, 192 (2 Cir.) cert. denied, Evola v. U. S., 362 U.S. 974, 80 S.Ct. 1057, 4 L.Ed.2d 1009, 362 U.S. 982, 80 S.Ct. 1068, 4 L.Ed.2d 1015, rehearing denied, 363 U.S. 858, 80 S.Ct. 1610, 4 L.Ed.2d 1739 (1960); United States v. Bando, 244 F.2d 833, 845-846 (2 Cir.), cert. denied, 355 U.S. 844, 78 S.Ct. 67, 2 L.Ed.2d 53 (1957); but see Crosby v. United States, 114 U.S. App.D.C. 233, 314 F.2d 238 (D.C.Cir. 1962); State v. Brady, 104 W.Va. 523, 140 S.E. 546, 549 (1927), nevertheless objection to the statement was voiced at trial with respect to voluntariness. Thus, the defendant's freedom of will at the time became an issue in the case. True, defense counsel made no request for a specific instruction, but with the proof of guilt pivoted upon the acknowledgment of guilt and with the question of voluntariness plainly before the Court, it was indispensable to fairness of trial that the jury be specially counselled on the point.
Involuntariness, it is...
To continue reading
Request your trial-
U.S. v. McLernon
...no incriminating statements and that any statements which the jury might find that he made were coerced." 518 F.2d at 347; Stevenson v. Boles, 331 F.2d 939 (4th Cir.), modified, 379 U.S. 43, 85 S.Ct. 174, 13 L.Ed.2d 109 (1964). Thus even if Carranza did deny the fact that he offered the inc......
-
Clifton v. United States, 19757.
...admitted, the court should instruct the jury, whether requested or not, upon the law governing the use of a confession. Stevenson v. Boles, 331 F.2d 939 (4 Cir. 1964), aff\'d per curiam, 379 U.S. 43, 85 S.Ct. 174, 13 L.Ed.2d 109. Included would be a forthright caution that before giving any......
-
Com. ex rel. Butler v. Rundle
...denied, Stevenson v. West Virginia, 372 U.S. 938, 83 S.Ct. 886, 9 L.Ed.2d 768 (1963).11 221 F.Supp. 411 (N.D.W.V.a.1963), aff'd, 331 F.2d 939 (4th Cir. 1964).12 See People v. Hovnanian, 22 A.D.2d 686, 253 N.Y.S.2d 241 (1964). The court below, in its dictum, was in accord with Hovnanian.13 W......
-
Com. v. Brady
...jury by the Court (on its own motion).' " Commonwealth v. Pratt, 360 Mass. 708, 714-715, 277 N.E.2d 517, (1972), quoting Stevenson v. Boles, 331 F.2d 939, 942 (4th Cir.), modified and aff'd 379 U.S. 43, 85 S.Ct. 174, 13 L.Ed.2d 109 (1964). See Commonwealth v. Williams, --- Mass. ---, --- - ......