Stivarius v. DiVall

• Decision Date: 27 December 1983
• Docket Number: No. 82-1583,82-1583
• Citation: 342 N.W.2d 782,117 Wis.2d 62
• Parties: Martha E. STIVARIUS, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. Marion DiVALL, individually and as Personal Representative of the Estate of Fred DiVall, a/k/a Frederick DiVall, deceased, David DiVall, individually and as Trustee of the Estate of Fred DiVall, a/k/a Frederick DiVall, deceased, and Richard DiVall, Defendants-Appellants. *
• Court: Wisconsin Court of Appeals

Page 782

342 N.W.2d 782

117 Wis.2d 62

Martha E. STIVARIUS, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. Marion DiVALL, individually and as Personal Representative of the Estate of Fred DiVall, a/k/a Frederick DiVall deceased, David DiVall, individually and as Trustee of the Estate of Fred DiVall, a/k/a Frederick DiVall, deceased, and Richard DiVall, Defendants-Appellants. ^*

No. 82-1583.

Court of Appeals of Wisconsin.

Argued July 27, 1983.

Opinion Released Dec. 27, 1983.

Opinion Filed Dec. 27, 1983.

Thomas C. Ewing, Milwaukee, argued, for defendants-appellants; Whyte & Hirschboeck, S.C., Milwaukee, on brief.

Jack McManus, Madison, argued, for plaintiff-respondent; McManus Law Offices, Madison, on brief.

Before GARTZKE, P.J., DYKMAN, J., and GORDON MYSE, Reserve judge.

GORDON MYSE, Reserve Judge.

This is an appeal from an order denying appellants' motion for costs and attorney's fees pursuant to the frivolous action statute, sec. 814.025, Stats. ¹ The motion was denied because appellants offered no evidence in support of the amount claimed. We affirm.

Appellants sought costs and attorneys fees for a foreclosure suit brought by respondent which was dismissed by the trial court. In that action a nonevidentiary hearing was held on appellants' counterclaim and post-verdict motion for fees. The trial court determined that respondent's action was frivolous within the meaning of sec. 814.025, Stats., and that appellants were entitled to recover attorneys fees against Stivarius. The determination of fees was premised on appellants' affidavit which detailed their attorney's charges.

Respondent appealed both the judgment dismissing her complaint and the judgment granting appellants' fees. This court affirmed the dismissal of the complaint, but remanded on the issues of frivolousness, reasonableness of fees, and the allocation of fees between respondent and her counsel, stating:

The real issues are whether plaintiff commenced a frivolous action, and if so, the reasonableness of defendant's attorney's fees, and the appropriate allocation of those fees between plaintiff and her trial counsel. These issues have not been factually resolved at an evidentiary hearing. We conclude that this is an appropriate case to exercise our discretionary powers under sec. 752.35, Stats., and reverse and remand to the trial court because the real controversy has not been fully tried. [Emphasis supplied.]

Stivarius v. Divall, 106 Wis.2d 770, 318 N.W.2d 25 (Ct.App.1982). ²

At the hearing on remand appellants introduced evidence to establish the frivolousness of respondent's claim, but introduced no evidence regarding the reasonableness of attorney's fees sought. When appellants rested, all that existed to provide the basis of those fees was the affidavit which had been the basis of the trial court's initial and improper award of fees. The trial court refused to take judicial notice of the affidavit during the hearing on remand.

After appellants rested, respondent elected to rest without introducing any evidence and moved to deny the motion for fees on grounds that no evidence had been adduced to support an award. This motion was granted. Appellants then moved to open the case for introduction of evidence. This motion was denied, as was a subsequent motion for reconsideration.

The issues on appeal are (1) whether appellants' affidavit was a sufficient basis for an award of attorney's fees and costs pursuant to sec. 814.025, Stats.; and (2) whether the trial court abused its discretion in refusing to open the case to permit the introduction of evidence regarding the reasonableness of the attorney's fees claimed. We affirm on each issue. We also conclude that it is not appropriate to once again remand this matter for further proceedings under sec. 752.35, Stats.

This court cannot determine the reasonableness of the fees. When fees are contested the trial court must make findings of fact. Corliss v. Corliss, 107 Wis.2d 338, 351, 320 N.W.2d 219, 224 (Ct.App.1982). Once the facts are determined, whether the standard of reasonableness is fulfilled is a question of law. Wassenaar v. Panos, 111 Wis.2d 518, 525, 331 N.W.2d 357, 361 (1983). The trial court's determination of reasonable fees is given weight, however, because reasonableness is closely intertwined with factual findings. Id.

Insufficiency of Affidavit

Appellants contend that the post-trial affidavit submitted to the trial court was sufficient to provide a basis for an award of fees. Awards of attorney's fees have been premised on a variety of bases, including affidavits. ³

Record evidence is needed, however, to establish the reasonableness of fees when they are disputed as they were here by respondent. Federal courts of appeals require evidentiary hearings where the determination of fees is disputed. Church of Scientology v. U.S. Postal Service, 700 F.2d 486, 494-95 (9th Cir.1983); City of Detroit v. Grinnell Corporation, 495 F.2d 448, 472 (2d Cir.1974); Lindy Bros. Bldrs., Inc. of Phila. v. American R & S San. Corp., 487 F.2d 161, 169-70 (3d Cir.1973); E. Richard Larson, Federal Court Awards of Attorney's Fees 269 (1981). Decisions in this state have expressed preference for presentation of evidence on the reasonableness of fees. Tesch v. Tesch, 63 Wis.2d 320, 334, 217 N.W.2d 647, 654 (1974); Corliss, 107 Wis.2d at 350-51, 320 N.W.2d at 224. No evidence regarding the reasonableness of fees was adduced at the hearing upon remand. At the close of the hearing, the record was as blank on the question of fees as it had been prior to the remand. Thus, no fee was warranted on the basis of record evidence.

Appellants contend that the trial court possessed the inherent power to determine the reasonableness of attorney's fees. The Wisconsin Supreme Court in Herro, McAndrews & Porter v. Gerhardt, 62 Wis.2d 179, 182, 214 N.W.2d 401, 402 (1974), said:

It is established that courts have the inherent power to determine the reasonableness of attorney's fees and to refuse to enforce any contract that calls for clearly excessive or unreasonable fees. [Footnote omitted.]

This inherent power is premised on the court's " 'supervisory control of the practice of the law,' " Herro, 62 Wis.2d at 184, 214 N.W.2d at 403-04 (quoting In Re Integration of Bar, 5 Wis.2d 618, 622, 93 N.W.2d 601, 603 (1958)), and on judges' expert knowledge regarding the value of legal services. Herro, 62 Wis.2d at 183, 214 N.W.2d at 403. However, any inherent power in the trial court to determine reasonable fees was limited by the remand order to resolve the disputed fees through an evidentiary hearing. No evidence was presented, and as a result no findings of fact were made from which to determine reasonable fees.

Refusal of Supplemental Evidence

Appellants contend that the trial court abused its discretion by refusing to permit additional testimony on the subject of fees after appellants had rested their case. A decision to open a case after the close of evidence is committed to the sound discretion of the trial court. Estate of Javornik, 35 Wis.2d 741, 746, 151 N.W.2d 721, 723 (1967). "Upon review, we will not set aside a discretionary order unless it is apparent that it was exercised arbitrarily or on the basis of completely irrelevant factors." Carlson Heating, Inc. v. Onchuck, 104 Wis.2d 175, 181, 311 N.W.2d 673, 676 (Ct.App.1981).

In the instant case appellants had notice of the requirement that attorney's fees be proved in an evidentiary hearing. Appellants rested without introducing any evidence on this question. Relying on the record, respondent's counsel also rested without introducing any evidence. Under these circumstances the trial court properly exercised its discretion not to reopen the evidentiary hearing.

Discretionary Remand under Sec. 752.35, Stats.

Appellants contend that this court should exercise its discretionary power under sec. 752.35, Stats., and remand because the real controversy has not been fully tried. Appellants' claim was previously remanded for that precise reason. "Litigation must end at some point," however. Chicago & N.W.R.R. v. Labor and Ind. Rev. Comm., 91 Wis.2d 462, 474, 283 N.W.2d 603, 609 (Ct.App.1979), aff'd, 98 Wis.2d 592, 297 N.W.2d 819 (1980).

One sec. 752.35, Stats., remand was granted. Another is not warranted: "[T]o reverse the cause would merely give the defendants an opportunity try their case twice on the same grounds." Smith v. Vogt, 251 Wis. 619, 624, 30 N.W.2d 617, 619 (1947) (Rosenberry, C.J., on motion for rehearing). Appellants' failure to present evidence upon remand resulted in an adverse judgment. This mistake does not justify a second use of sec. 752.35 to provide appellants yet a second opportunity to present evidence.

Fairness to resp...