Stodghill v. Wellston School Dist.

• Decision Date: 09 January 2008
• Docket Number: No. 07-1190.,07-1190.
• Citation: 512 F.3d 472
• Parties: Ronald STODGHILL, Plaintiff/Appellee, v. WELLSTON SCHOOL DISTRICT; Dorothy Moore, in her official capacity as the elected Board of Directors of the Wellston School District; Dwight Whitfield, in his official capacity as the elected Board of Directors of the Wellston School District; Linda Whitfield, in her official capacity as the elected Board of Directors of the Wellston School District; Deserata Hughes, in her official capacity as the elected Board of Directors of the Wellston School District; Donald Gardner, in his official capacity as the elected Board of Directors of the Wellston School District, Defendants, Charles Brown, individually and as member of the Special Administrative Board of the Wellston School District; Gary Beals, individually and as member of the Special Administrative Board of the Wellston School District; Cassandra M. Hollins-Wallace, individually and as member of the Special Administrative Board of the Wellston School District, Defendants/Appellants.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit

512 F.3d 472

Ronald STODGHILL, Plaintiff/Appellee, v. WELLSTON SCHOOL DISTRICT; Dorothy Moore, in her official capacity as the elected Board of Directors of the Wellston School District; Dwight Whitfield, in his official capacity as the elected Board of Directors of the Wellston School District; Linda Whitfield, in her official capacity as the elected Board of Directors of the Wellston School District; Deserata Hughes, in her official capacity as the elected Board of Directors of the Wellston School District; Donald Gardner, in his official capacity as the elected Board of Directors of the Wellston School District, Defendants Charles Brown, individually and as member of the Special Administrative Board of the Wellston School District; Gary Beals, individually and as member of the Special Administrative Board of the Wellston School District; Cassandra M. Hollins-Wallace, individually and as member of the Special Administrative Board of the Wellston School District, Defendants/Appellants.

No. 07-1190.

United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.

Submitted: November 14, 2007.

Filed: January 9, 2008.

James R. McAdams, AAG, Argued, Jefferson City, MO, for Appellant.

Lynette M. Petruska, Argued, St. Louis, MO, for Appellee.

Before RILEY, BOWMAN, and SMITH, Circuit Judges.

RILEY, Circuit Judge.

Ronald Stodghill (Stodghill) filed suit against Missouri's Wellston School District (district), members of the district's Board of Directors, and members of a Special Administrative Board (SAB) charged with temporary administration of the district. Stodghill alleged the SAB was appointed to administer the district after the school district lost accreditation, and thereafter Stodghill's employment as the district's superintendent was ended. Stodghill's complaint claimed one or more of the SAB members made stigmatizing public comments about Stodghill in connection with his severance. Stodghill sought damages and a name-clearing hearing to vindicate his liberty interest in his good name.

The SAB members moved to dismiss the claim on the basis of qualified immunity. The district court denied the motion to dismiss, finding Stodghill's complaint alleged sufficient facts to thwart a claim of qualified immunity. The school district appeals, and we reverse.

I. BACKGROUND

Stodghill filed suit against the district, alleging the following facts.¹ Stodghill had served as the superintendent of the district since 1984. Stodghill's contract included a provision that his employment could be terminated before the contract's set expiration "in accordance with the terms of the contract, applicable law, Board regulations and policies." In 2003, the district failed to meet accreditation requirements. In 2005, in order to maintain provisional accreditation, the district needed a certain number of points under the Missouri School Improvement Program (MSIP), a methodology used by the State Board of Education to evaluate Missouri public school programs for accreditation purposes. As a part of the MSIP, students' reading level performance was tested as part of the Missouri Assessment Program (MAP). After initially appearing to meet the required testing levels under the MAP tests, the district's scores were disallowed because the scores improved too greatly to be considered legitimate.

Under Missouri law, whenever a school district is unaccredited for two successive years, "its corporate organization shall lapse." Mo.Rev.Stat. § 162.081(1). In June 2005, the state board of education declared the district "lapsed" and appointed a three member SAB to administer the district. Missouri law provides the state board of education may appoint such a board, which is authorized "to retain the authority granted to a board of education for the operation of all or part of the district[.]" Mo.Rev.Stat. § 162.081(4)(1). Missouri law also states "the [SAB] ... shall [not] be considered a successor entity for the purpose of employment contracts, unemployment compensation payment ... or any other purpose." Mo.Rev.Stat. § 162.081(7).

Stodghill alleged that in June of 2005, the district stopped paying his salary, and a SAB member instructed Stodghill to vacate his office. Stodghill claimed he was never formally told he had been terminated, but he concluded this was the case. Stodghill also alleged the SAB members "represented to the public through the print and electronic media that: a. Cheating had occurred in the Wellston School District on its MAP tests, and particularly at the high school, which was the reason that students achieved higher test scores than in previous years ... [and] b. The District failed to receive even provisional accreditation under [Stodghill's] leadership."

Stodghill filed suit against, inter alia, the SAB board members in both their official and individual capacities. Stodghill raised a wide array of claims under both statutory and constitutional provisions. Pertinent to this appeal, Stodghill sought damages and a "name clearing hearing" to vindicate his liberty interest in his good name.

The district court noted, "An employee's liberty interests are implicated where the employer levels accusations at the employee that are so damaging as to make it difficult or impossible for the employee to escape the stigma of those charges." (quoting Winegar v. Des Moines Ind. Cmty. Sch. Dist., 20 F.3d 895, 899 (8th Cir.1994)). The district court also recognized such a liberty interest may arise "in connection with a discharge." (quoting Green v. St. Louis Hous. Auth., 911 F.2d 65, 69 (8th Cir.1990)).

The SAB members sought qualified immunity. The district court addressed the SAB members' arguments that (1) the SAB was not Stodghill's employer, (2) the SAB did not actually terminate Stodghill, because his contract was terminated by operation of law, rather than any affirmative act of the SAB, and (3) the statements Stodghill alleged the SAB members made were too "broad and vague ... [to] necessarily refer to [Stodghill]."

The district court rejected the SAB members' contentions, and the SAB members filed a motion to reconsider the denial of qualified immunity. The SAB members alternatively asked the district court to dismiss Stodghill's complaint for failure to meet federal pleading requirements, or to order Stodghill to provide additional facts so the SAB members could "have a meaningful opportunity to show, before discovery, that alleged actions by them were objectively reasonable in light of clearly established law." The district court denied these requests.

On appeal, the SAB members contend the district court erred in denying qualified immunity. First, the SAB members argue Stodghill cannot demonstrate he was sufficiently stigmatized by the alleged statements. Second, the SAB members contend they were not Stodghill's employer, and the alleged statements were not made in connection with Stodghill's separation from employment, because the separation occurred via operation of law. Finally, the SAB members assert the district court should have, at least, granted their motion for a more definite statement of the allegations in order to address more fully the issue of qualified immunity. Because the alleged statements were not, as a matter of law, sufficiently stigmatizing, we reverse.

II. DISCUSSION

"This court reviews the district court's conclusion on the qualified immunity issue de novo ... looking at the record in the light most favorable to the party opposing the motion, drawing all inferences most favorable to that party." Gunter v. Morrison, 497 F.3d 868, 873-74 (8th Cir.2007) (citation, alterations and internal quotation marks omitted). "A complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief." Burton v. Richmond, 276 F.3d 973, 975 (8th Cir.2002) (citation omitted). "When analyzing the adequacy of a complaint's allegations under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), we must accept as true all of the complaint's factual allegations and view them in the light most favorable to the Plaintiffs." Id. (citation omitted).

A procedural due process right to a name clearing hearing under certain circumstances is clearly established. See Board of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 573 & n. 12, 92 S.Ct. 2701, 33 L.Ed.2d 548 (1972); Putnam v. Keller, 332 F.3d 541, 546-47 (8th Cir.2003). "A government employee is entitled to procedural due process in...