Stone v. Mississippi
| Decision Date | 01 October 1879 |
| Citation | 25 L.Ed. 1079,101 U.S. 814 |
| Parties | STONE v. MISSISSIPPI |
| Court | U.S. Supreme Court |
ERROR to the Supreme Court of the State of Mississippi.
The legislature of Mississippi passed an act, approved Feb. 16, 1867, entitled 'An Act incorporating the Mississippi Agricultural and Manufacturing Aid Society.' Its provisions, so far as they bear upon the questions involved, are as follows:——
'The corporation shall have power to receive subscriptions, and sell and dispose of certificates of subscriptions which shall entitle the holders thereof to any articles that may be awarded to them, and the distribution of the awards shall be fairly made in public, after advertising, by the casting of lots, or by lot, chance, or otherwise, in such manner as shall be directed by the by-laws of said corporation; . . . and the said corporation shall have power to offer premiums or prizes in money, for the best essays on agriculture, manufactures, and education, written by a citizen of Mississippi, or to the most deserving works of art executed by citizens of Mississippi, or the most useful inventions in mechanics, science, or art, made by citizens of Mississippi.'
Sect. 7 provides that the articles to be distributed or awarded may consist of lands, books, paintings, statutes, antiques, scientific instruments or apparatus, or any other property or thing that may be ornamental, valuable, or useful.
Sect. 8 requires the corporation to pay, before the commencement of business, to the treasurer of the State, for the use of the University, the sum of $5,000, and to give bond and security for the annual payment of $1,000, together with one-half per cent on the amount of receipts derived from the sale of certificates.
Sect. 9 declares that any neglect or refusal to comply with the provisions of the act shall work a forfeiture of all the privileges granted, and subject any officer or agent failing to carry out its provisions or committing any fraud in selling tickets at drawing of lottery to indictment, the penalty being a 'fine not l §§ than $1,000, and imprisonment not less than six months.'
Sect. 11 enacts that, as soon as the sum of $100,000 is subscribed, and the sum of $25,000 paid into the capital stock, the company shall go into operation under their charter and not before, and the act of incorporation shall continue and be in force for the space of twenty-five years from its passage, and that all laws and parts of laws in conflict with its provisions be repealed, and that the act shall take effect from and after its passage.
The Constitution of the State, adopted in convention May 15, 1868, and ratified by the people Dec. 1, 1869, declares that 'the legislature shall never authorize any lottery; nor shall the sale of lottery-tickets be allowed; nor shall any lottery heretofore authorized be permitted to be drawn, or tickets therein to be sold.' The legislature passed an act, approved July 16, 1870, entitled 'An Act enforcing the provisions of the Constitution of the State of Mississippi, prohibiting all kinds of lotteries within said State, and making it unlawful to conduct one in this State.'
The Attorney-General of Mississippi filed, March 17, 1874, in the Circuit Court of Warren County in that State, an information in the nature of a quo warranto, against John B. Stone and others, alleging that, without authority or warrant of law, they were then, and for the preceding twelve months had been, carrying on a lottery or gift enterprise within said county and State under the name of 'The Mississippi Agricultural, Educational and Manufacturing Aid Society.' The information alleges that said society obtained from the legislature a charter, but sets up the aforesaid constitutional provision and the act of July 16, 1870, and avers that the charter was thereby virtually and in effect repealed.
By their answer the respondents admit that they were carrying on a lottery enterprise under the name mentioned. They aver that in so doing they were exercising the rights, privileges, and franchises conferred by their charter, and that they have in all things complied with its provisions. They further aver that their rights and franchises were not impaired by the constitutional provision and legislative enactment aforesaid.
The State replied to the answer by admitting that the respondents had in every particular conformed to the provisions of their charter.
The court, holding that the act of incorporation had been abrogated and annulled by the Constitution of 1868 and the legislation of July 16, 1870, adjudged that the respondents be ousted of and from all the liberties and privileges, franchises and emoluments, exercised by them under and by virtue of the said act.
The judgment was, on error, affirmed by the Supreme Court, and Stone and others sued out this writ.
Mr. Philip Phillips for the plaintiffs in error.
Mr. A. M. Clayton and Mr. Van H. Manning for the defendant in error.
It is now too late to contend that any contract which a State actually enters into when granting a charter to a private corporation is not within the protection of the clause in the Constitution of the United States that prohibits States from passing laws impairing the obligation of contracts. Art. 1, sect. 10. The doctrines of Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward ( ), announced by this court more than sixty years ago, have become so imbedded in the jurisprudence of the United States as to make them to all intents and purposes a part of the Constitution itself. In this connection, however it is to be kept in mind that it is not the charter which is protected, but only any contract the charter may contain. If there is no contract, there is nothing in the grant on which the Constitution can act. Consequently, the first inquiry in this class of cases always is, whether a contract has in fact been entered into, and if so, what its obligations are.
In the present case the question is whether the tate of Mississippi, in its sovereign capacity, did by the charter now under consideration bind itself irrevocably by a contract to permit 'the Mississippi Agricultural, Educational, and Manufacturing Aid Society,' for twenty-five years, 'to receive subscriptions, and sell and dispose of certificates of subscription which shall entitle the holders thereof to' 'any lands, books, paintings, antiques, scientific instruments or apparatus, or any other property or thing that may be ornamental, valuable, or useful,' 'awarded to them' 'by the casting of lots, or by lot, chance, or otherwise.' There can be no dispute but that under this form of words the legislature of the State chartered a lottery company, having all the powers incident to such a corporation, for twenty-five years, and that in consideration thereof the company paid into the State treasury $5,000 for the use of a university, and agreed to pay, and until the commencement of this suit did pay, an annual tax of $1,000 and 'one-half of one per cent on the amount of receipts derived from the sale of certificates or tickets.' If the legislature that granted this charter had the power to bind the people of the State and all succeeding legislatures to allow the corporation to continue its corporate business during the...
To continue reading
Request your trial
-
State v. Bixman
...sustains the view taken by this court on this question. See, also, Bartemeyer v. Iowa, 18 Wall. 129, 21 L. Ed. 929; Stone v. Mississippi, 101 U. S. 814, 25 L. Ed. 1079; Moore v. State, 48 Miss. 147; Powell v. State, 69 Ala. 10; La Croix v. Commissioners, 50 Conn. 321; People v. Board of Com......
-
Nat'l Ass'n for the Advancement of Colored People, Inc. v. City of Myrtle Beach
...State police power is general, and it "extends to all matters affecting the public health or the public morals." Stone v. Mississippi , 101 U.S. 814, 818, 25 L.Ed. 1079 (1879). Second, as noted above, Bikefest is a large public gathering reputed to bring hundreds of thousands of visitors to......
-
Mumpower v. Housing Authority
...(against passing any law impairing the obligation f contracts). "For further statements of the principles, see Stone Mississippi 101 U.S. 814, 25 L.Ed. 1079; New Orleans Gas Light Co. Drainage Commission 197 U.S. 453, 25 S.Ct. 471, 49 L.Ed. 831; 11 Am.Jur. 983, Sec. 26 "`These principles ap......
-
Century Arms, Inc. v. Kennedy
...whim of the legislature, but that the denial of a "right" must be accompanied by due process of law. See, e. g., Stone v. Mississippi, 101 U.S. 814, 821, 25 L.Ed. 1079 (1879); Mugler v. Kansas, 123 U.S. 623, 662, 8 S.Ct. 273, 31 L.Ed. 205 (1887). The "right-privilege" distinction has justly......
-
PRIVATIZATION, PUBLIC COMMONS, AND THE TAKINGSIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW.
...corporate charters was unworkable in light of a burgeoning economy and rapid technological innovation). (75) See Stone v. Mississippi, 101 U.S. 814, 817 (1879) (discussing how a provision of the Constitution adopted in 1868 barred the sale of lottery tickets, controverting an earlier act gr......
-
Table of Cases
...610 Stone v. Graham, 449 U.S. 39, 101 S.Ct. 192, 66 L.Ed.2d 199 (1980), 1553, 1588 Stone v. State of Mississippi, 101 U.S. (11 Otto) 814, 25 L.Ed. 1079 (1879), 955 Stovall v. Denno, 388 U.S. 293, 87 S.Ct. 1957, 18 L.Ed. 1199 (1967, 225 Strauder v. State of West Virginia, 100 U.S. 303, 25 L.......
-
Case List
...v. City of Vista , 994 F.2d 650 (9th Cir. 1993) Stewart v. Inhabitants of Town of Durham , 451 A.2d 308 (Me. 1982) Stone v. Mississippi , 101 U.S. 814, 25 L. Ed. 1079 (1879) Strong v. County of Santa Cruz , 15 Cal. 3d 720, 543 P.2d 264 (1975) Sundance Homes, Inc. v. County of Du Page , 195 ......
-
ARBITRARY PROPERTY INTERFERENCE DURING A GLOBAL PANDEMIC AND BEYOND.
...and the Takings Clause, 13 J. Energy, Nat. Resources, & Env't l. 9, 19 (1993). (54.) 46 U.S. 504 (1847). (55.) See id. at 583. (56.) 101 U.S. 814 (57.) See id. at 818. (58.) See, e.g., Craig, supra note 52, at 106-07; Buchanan v. Warley, 245 U.S. 60, 74 (1917); Engelage v. City of Warre......