Stringer v. Vincent, Docket No. 95224

• Decision Date: 18 September 1987
• Docket Number: Docket No. 95224
• Parties: Julie A. STRINGER, f/n/a Julie A. Vincent, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Mark T. VINCENT, Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan — District of US

Page 474

411 N.W.2d 474

161 Mich.App. 429

Julie A. STRINGER, f/n/a Julie A. Vincent, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Mark T. VINCENT, Defendant-Appellant.

Docket No. 95224.

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Submitted April 15, 1987.

Decided July 7, 1987.

Released for Publication Sept. 18, 1987.

Best, Schmucker, Heyns & Klaeren, P.C. by Roger J. Gleeson, Jackson, for plaintiff-appellee.

Potter & Stevens by Janet L. Stevens, Jackson, for defendant-appellant.

Before CYNAR, P.J., and SHEPHERD and JASPER, ^* JJ.

CYNAR, Presiding Judge.

Plaintiff and defendant were divorced on December 21, 1979, pursuant to a judgment of divorce entered by Judge James G. Fleming. The divorce judgment awarded custody of the two minor children, ages two and five, to plaintiff. She was restricted from moving the children from this state without prior court approval. Defendant was awarded visitation on alternate weekends, alternate major holidays and three weeks during the summer.

Plaintiff subsequently petitioned to move the children to Ohio. The trial court entered an order modifying the judgment of divorce, allowing the domicile of the children to be transferred from Michigan to Ohio, but requiring that the children not be removed from their new domicile without approval of the court. Defendant's visitation was also changed. Since the move to Ohio, the children have changed residences frequently, moving back to Michigan, then to Illinois and ultimately to Missouri, all without court permission. Plaintiff's new husband's employment necessitated these moves.

On June 20, 1986, while the children were with their father for visitation, he petitioned for a change of custody. The court entered an ex parte order extending visitation. In July, 1986, the Court entered an order granting temporary custody of the children to defendant until further order of the court. The court's order indicated that the parties were responsible for scheduling an evidentiary hearing if mediation failed.

The court-ordered mediation between the parties was unsuccessful. On August 13, 1986, the trial court issued an opinion in which it found that custody of the children should remain with plaintiff. The court's opinion indicated that it had "incorporated" the report of the friend of the court into its opinion. The court claimed it had evaluated the factors set forth in the Child Custody Act and held that defendant was required to prove by clear and convincing evidence that such a change was in the best interests of the children. Then, based on "defendant's pleadings and the reports submitted," the trial court found that the defendant had not met his burden.

Plaintiff presented defendant with an order reflecting the trial court's opinion, but defendant refused to approve it. Thereafter, a hearing for entry of the order was scheduled before Judge Alexander C. Perlos, acting in the absence of Judge Fleming. Judge Perlos heard the arguments of counsel but declined to enter the order because of objections raised by defendant.

After a subsequent hearing, Judge Fleming entered the order in accordance with his prior opinion. Defendant now appeals the order.

Defendant first complains that the trial court erred by denying defendant custody of the children without scheduling an evidentiary hearing. We find that the trial court permissibly placed the burden on the parties to schedule the evidentiary hearing, but erred in deciding the issue of custody on the pleadings and the report of the friend of the court when no evidentiary hearing was held. There was no evidence presented to the court, and, thus, the trial judge should have refused to decide the matter until the parties scheduled an evidentiary hearing or stipulated to use of the report of the friend of the court as evidence.

A change in custody is properly made upon a showing of a change in circumstances if it is in the best interests of the child. M.C.L. Sec. 722.27; M.S.A. Sec. 25.312(7). The trial court could not have considered the eleven factors set out in the definition of a child's best interests since it had been presented with no evidence. A report by the friend of the court may not be used as evidence absent agreement of the parties, although the court may consider the report to better understand the issues involved. Nichols v. Nichols, 106 Mich.App. 584, 308 N.W.2d 291 (1981), lv. den. 411 Mich. 1045 (1981). Thus, the trial court erred by deciding custody on the basis of the report, absent agreement by the parties for the court to consider the report as evidence.

Furthermore, the Child Custody Act requires that this Court find a palpable abuse of discretion, clear legal error on a major issue, or findings of fact against the great weight of the evidence before reversing a custody order. M.C.L. Sec. 722.28; M.S.A. Sec. 25.312(8). Review is de novo. Bednarski v. Bednarski, 141 Mich.App. 15, 366 N.W.2d 69 (1985). For us to carry out our function, however, there must be an evidentiary record. Neff v. Neff, 358 Mich. 134, 99 N.W.2d 344 (1959); Wealton v. Wealton, 120 Mich.App. 406, 410, 327 N.W.2d 493 (1982). We reverse and remand for an evidentiary hearing.

We review the remainder of defendant's objections to provide guidance to the trial court on remand. Defendant contends that he was not given a chance to make objections to the report of the friend of the court. Defendant correctly asserts that MCR 3.206(F)(2) requires that the parties be given an opportunity to review reports of the friend of the court and to make objections before a decision is entered. Defendant must be given an opportunity on remand to voice objections to the report before the trial court renders an...