Sullivan v. State, 29418

• Citation: 236 Ind. 446,139 N.E.2d 893
• Decision Date: 05 February 1957
• Docket Number: No. 29418,29418
• Parties: elizabeth Hazeitine SULLIVAN, Appellant, v. STATE of Indiana, Appellee.
• Court: Supreme Court of Indiana

Page 893

139 N.E.2d 893

236 Ind. 446

elizabeth Hazeitine SULLIVAN, Appellant, v. STATE of Indiana, Appellee.

No. 29418.

Supreme Court of Indiana.

Feb. 5, 1957.

Rehearing Denied March 19, 1957.

George R. Jeffrey, Indianapolis, Robert L. Stevenson, Columbus, for appellant.

Edwin K. Steers, Atty. Gen., Owen S. Boling, John J. McShane, Deputy Attys. Gen., for appellee.

PER CURIAM.

This is an appeal from a judgment in which the appellant was found guilty by a jury of voluntary manslaughter pursuant to Acts 1941, ch. 148, § 2, p. 447, being § 10-3405, Burns' 1956 Replacement. Among the alleged error properly assigned and presented are the following: (1) that the court erred in giving of its own motion Instruction No. 28 over the objection of the defendant-appellant; and (2) in refusing to give Instruction No. 16 tendered by the defendant-appellant. These instructions concern lesser offenses included in that of voluntary manslaughter as charged.

Instruction No. 28, and the record connected therewith, is as follows:

'If you find the defendant guilty of Voluntary Manslaughter as charged in the indictment the statute defining that offense prescribes the punishment, namely: That the defendant shall be imprisoned for an indeterminate period of not less than two (2) years nor fix the term of imprisonment in your it will not be necessary for you to fix the term of imprixonment in your verdict. If, therefore, you find the defendant guilty of Voluntary Manslaughter the form of your verdict in words or in substance should be:

''We the jury, find the defendant Elizabeth Hazeltine Sullivan, guilty of Voluntary Manslaughter as charged in the indictment.'

'If you find the defendant not guilty, then the form of your verdict in words or in substance should be:

"We the jury, find the defendant, Elizabeth Hazeltine Sullivan, not guilty.'

'You will be furnished with the suggested verdict forms in blank for your convenience; and when you have agreed upon your verdict you may use the appropriate forms if you wish, or you may prepare and use your own form of verdict if you so desire.'

'To the giving of which the defendant, out of the presence of the jury, and before argument, made the following oral objection: (formal parts omitted.)

'* * * defendant orally objects to instruction number twenty-eight (28), the court's written final instruction number twenty-eight (28), for the reason that the court has indicated there are only two possible verdicts in this cause, guilty of voluntary manslaughter or not guilty. We, in fact, submit there are included offenses of assault and battery with intent to kill, assault and battery and simple assault and we further object to the verdict form for the reason the included offenses are not included as under the law and should be in accordance with the court's instruction number twenty-eight (28).'

'The Court: Show that the defendant's objection to court's Instruction 28 overruled and also that the court will not give verdict forms on any included offenses but will submit a verdict form on manslaughter and not guilty. Is that the only objection? * * *.'

Defendant-appellant's tendered Instruction No. 16 refused by the court it as follows:

'You are instructed that in addition to finding the defendant guilty of the verdict of manslaughter, or of not guilty, under the indictment, you may find that defendat is guilty of the charge of assault and battery with intent to commit a felony, the charge of assault and battery, and the charge of assault.'

The state first contends that the latter instruction (No. 16) is not properly worded in that it told a jury it could find the appellant guilty of manslaughter or not guilty, and at the same time, also find the appellant guilty of assault and battery with intent to commit a felony or a lesser offense. This seems to be giving a strained construction to the wording of the instruction, and compels an insertion therein of the words 'at the same time' to give it the clear meaning suggested by the state. We do not find this tendered instruction confusing or uncertain in its language. The court did not refuse it because of a lack of clarity, but rather because it differed with the appellant on the legal principle applicable, and the right to have an instruction on lesser offenses involved. This is revealed by the court's remark in overruling objections to court's Instruction No. 28. The appellant, after the court's ruling and remarks, was not required to tender further instructions on the form of verdicts. The law does not require the doing of a useless or futile act where it is made plain the act would be of no avail if tendered.

We come now to the main question involved, namely, the right to have the jury instructed that the appellant might be found guilty of lesser offenses included in that of manslaughter as charged in this case.

Acts 1905, ch. 169, § 271, p. 584, being § 9-1816, Burns' 1956 Replacement, reads as follows:

'Upon an indictment or affidavit for an offense consisting of different degrees, the jury may find the defendant not guilty of the degrees charged in the indictment or affidavit, and guilty of any degree inferior thereto or of an attempt to commit the offense.'

Acts 1905, ch. 169, § 272, p. 584, being § 9-1817, Burns' 1956 Replacement, provides:

'In all other cases, the defendant may be found guilty of any offense, the commission of which is necessarily included in that with which he is charged in the indictment or affidavit.'

The application of these statutes is not as easy as it might at first appear. The difficulty arises in those cases where from the allegation of the offense charged there may or may not be a lesser offense included by reason of the wording of the charge. It is quite apparent in a charge of homicide where death is alleged to have been caused by poisoning, that such a charge would not include a lesser offense of assault and battery. We must look to the wording of the offense charged in each case for a determination of what lesser offenses, if any, are included therein. The indictment in this case is worded as follows 'The Grand Jury for the County of Marion in the State of Indiana, upon their oath do present that Elizabeth Hazeltine Sullivan on or about the 23rd day of December, A.D. 1954, at and in the County of Marion, and in the State of Indiana, did then and there unlawfully, feloniously and voluntarily kill one, Julian Tarkington Sullivan, a human being, in a sudden heat, but without malice, by then and there unlawfully, feloniously and voluntarily, but without malice, striking, cutting and stabbing at and against the body of the said Julian Tarkington Sullivan with a knife, then and there held in the hands of the said Elizabeth Hazeltine Sullivan, and did then and thereby inflict a mortal would and injury in and upon the body of said Julian Tarkington Sullivan, and of which mortal would the said Julian Tarkington Sullivan then and there and thereby died.

'And so the Grand Jurors aforesaid, upon their oaths aforesaid, do say and charge that the said Elizabeth Hazeltine Sullivan in the manner and means aforesaid, unlawfully, feloniously and voluntarily but without malice, and in a sudden heat, did kill the said Julian Tarkington Sullivan, then and there being contrary to the form of the statute in such case made and provided, and against the peace and dignity of the State of Indiana.'

The case relied upon chiefly by the appellant is that of Kleopfer v. State, 1928, 200 Ind. 287, 163 N.E. 93. In that case a defendant was charged in two counts with voluntary and involuntary manslaughter. He was tried by a jury, and found guilty only of assault and battery. The defendant then contended that the verdict was invalid for the reason that he was found not guilty of the offenses charged in the indictment. This court there held against the defendant's contention, and stated, 200 Ind. on page 291, 163 N.E. on page 94:

'In the instant case, in the second count of the indictment all of the essential elements of the crime of assault and battery were stated. The commission of assault and battery was necessarily included in the offense of manslaughter, as charged. The jury could discharge the defendant of the higher offense and convict him of the minor offense, if the evidence warranted.'

The indictment in that case charged that the defendant unlawfully and feloniously killed one Richardson 'by unlawfully and in a rude, insolent, and angry manner touching, striking * * * wounding * * * him * * * with a club * * * inflicting a mortal would * * * upon the head * * * of which mortal wound' Richardson died. In the present case instead of the words 'in a rude, insolent, and angry manner,' usually found in a charge of assault and battery, we have instead the words 'in a sudden heat.' In our opinion such words are equivalent to 'in an angry manner.' We have held that the exact language of the statute in a charge of assault and battery need not be followed 'but words which import the same meaning, if employed instead, will be sufficient.' Hazlett v. State, 1951, 229 Ind. 577, 99 N.E.2d 743; Chandler v. State, 18...