Summa Corp. v. Richardson, 8419

• Decision Date: 21 April 1977
• Docket Number: No. 8419,8419
• Citation: 564 P.2d 181,93 Nev. 228
• Parties: SUMMA CORPORATION, a Delaware Corporation, Appellant, v. T. W. RICHARDSON et al., Respondents.
• Court: Nevada Supreme Court

Page 181

564 P.2d 181

93 Nev. 228

SUMMA CORPORATION, a Delaware Corporation, Appellant, v. T. W. RICHARDSON et al., Respondents.

No. 8419.

Supreme Court of Nevada.

April 21, 1977.

Rehearing Denied June 8, 1977.

Morse, Foley & Wadsworth, Las Vegas, for appellant.

John Peter Lee and James C. Mahan, Las Vegas, and Arthur J. Crowley, Los Angeles, Cal., for respondents.

OPINION

BATJER, Chief Justice:

Appellant Summa Corporation brought suit against respondents for specific performance of options to puruchase contained in two leases executed by respondents and subsequently assigned to Summa by Shelam Incorporated, the original lessee. After the parties filed cross-motions for summary judgment, the district court entered its order granting respondents' motion and denying appellant's. Because Summa was entitled to exercise the options and properly did so, respondents' summary judgment must be reversed.

On June 15, 1965, respondents leased two parcels of land, including improvements thereon, to Shelam Incorporated for a term of fifteen years. One of the improvements located on parcel 'A' was the Silver Slipper Casino. The lease contained an option giving the lessee the privilege of purchasing the parcels and required written notification of the exercise of this option along with a deposit of $100,000 on account of the purchase price. To consummate the purchase, the lessee was required to open an escrow account at the Bank of Las Vegas (now Valley Bank), Las Vegas, Nevada, and the lease was to constitute the primary escrow instructions.

By the terms of the lease, the lessee could assign it without respondents' permission, except the written consent of the president or vice-president of the Bank of Las Vegas was first required before the assignment of any gaming casino on the premises. Further, the lease specifically provided that its terms, provisions, and covenants inured to the benefit of the lessee's assigns.

On April 3, 1967, respondents entered into a second lease with Shelam for a small vacant parcel adjacent to the previously leased land. The lease incorporated by reference most of the provisions of the 1965 lease and also contained an option to purchase. However, the exercise of this option was made contingent upon the exercise of the option to purchase parcel 'A' contained in the 1965 lease.

Negotiations conducted during April of 1968 between Shelam, Howard R. Hughes, and Summa's predecessor, Hughes Tool Company, culminated in the assignment to Summa of Shelam's interests in the two leases. Summa obtained the necessary consent to the assignment from the bank and thereafter, on March 29, 1973, gave notice of its exercise of the options contained in the leases. The notice was sent by certified mail, and also hand delivered, to an address in Los Angeles, California, which had been designated in the 1965 lease as the place to send notices to lessors. Inasmuch as that address proved to be vacant, Summa also sent notices to respondents at their individual addresses and at the Bank of Las Vegas. Because the 1965 lease provided that all rents or other monies due respondents were to be paid at the Bank of Las Vegas, Summa deposited with the bank a cashier's check for $100,000, payable to an account established by respondents for the receipt and disbursement of rents and other monies payable pursuant to the lease.

At this juncture, the transaction broke down. Respondents rejected Summa's exercise, and Summa commenced action for specific performance. Both parties moved for summary judgment, and, after a hearing on the matter, the district court determined no genuine issue of material fact remained, Summa was not entitled to exercise the option contained in the 1965 lease, and in any event, Summa's exercise of the 1965 option was not effected in conformity with the terms of that option. Accordingly, the district court denied Summa's motion for summary judgment and entered summary judgment in favor of respondents. Since the exercise of the 1967 option was contingent upon the exercise of the 1965 option, we must determine whether (1) the 1965 option passed to Summa with the assignment of the lease, (2) Summa's failure to perform conditions precedent and subsequent precluded its exercise of the 1965 option, and (3) Summa exercised the 1965 option in accordance with the terms of the lease.

1. Ordinarily, an option to purchase contained in a lease passes upon the assignment of the lease to the assignee, entitling it to specific performance of the agreement to convey. Jamson v. Poulos, 184 Neb. 480, 168 N.W.2d 526 (1969); Humble Oil & Refining Company v. Lennon, 94 R.I. 509, 182 A.2d 306 (1962); Texas Co. v. Butler, 198 Or. 368, 256 P.2d 259 (1953). If the exercise of the optionis made personal to the lessee, it cannot be assigned to another. Anno., 38 A.L.R. 1162, 1172 (1925). Respondents contend the option clause in the 1965 lease, by its terms, expressly limits its exercise only to Shelam, and therefore it did not pass with the assignment of the lease. That part of the instrument upon which respondents rely in support of this contention provides:

If the Lessee shall then be entitled to exercise the option to purchase Parcel 'A' and Parcel 'B', it shall first give notice in writing of its exercise of said option, accompanying said notice with a deposit of One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000) on account of the purchase price. After giving such written notice and making such deposit, the Lessee may assign said option, and not before.

While a lessor may restrict the right of assignment, covenants dealing with assignments should not be extended by implication. Cummins v. Dixon, 265 S.W.2d 386 (Mo.1954). The above quoted provision does not limit the exercise of the option exclusively to Shelam. See Myers v. J. J. Stone & Son, 128 Iowa 10, 102 N.W. 507 (1905); Anno., 45 A.L.R.2d 1034, 1950 (1956). Instead, the provision is merely an anti-severability clause. It prevents the lessee or its assigns from transferring the option, before its exercise, independently of the leasehold interest which, absent the provision, might arguably be permissible. See Gilbert v. Van Kleeck, 284 App.Div. 611, 132 N.Y.S.2d 580 (1954); Bewick v. Mecham, 26 Cal.2d 92, 156 P.2d 757 (1945); 1 American Law of Property § 3.82 at 361 (1952). Since the provision only prevents the severance of the option and leasehold interests prior to exercise, and does not make the exercise personal to Shelam, the option passed to Summa upon the assignment of the lease.

As an apparent afterthought, respondents also argue the option is personal to Shelam because the purchase involves the extension of credit to the original lessee. Jurisdictions are in conflict on the question of whether the extension of credit to the original lessee, as a matter of law, makes the option personal, and therefore non-assignable. See Rosello v. Hayden, 79 So.2d 682 (Fla.1955). Here, however, the contract did not involve a relation of personal confidence and trust on the solvency or credit of Shelam. To the contrary, the land was to serve as security for the purchase, and the lease specifically provided the right to purchase could be assigned to another. Under such circumstances, it can not be argued that respondents reposed such personal trust in Shelam's financial ability as to make the option personal to Shelam.

2. As a condition precedent to the exercise of the 1965 option, the lessee was required to faithfully perform all the terms, conditions, and covenants of the lease. ¹ Respondents contend this condition precedent was not satisfied due to Summa's technical breaches of the lease, and Summa therefore forfeited any right it had to exercise the option. Summa counters by claiming respondents' subsequent acceptance of rents with knowledge of the...