Swails v. State

• Decision Date: 16 December 1853
• Citation: 4 Ind. 516
• Parties: Swails v. The State
• Court: Indiana Supreme Court

4 Ind. 516

Swails v. The State

Supreme Court of Indiana

December 16, 1853

ERROR to the Decatur Circuit Court.

The judgment is affirmed with costs.

J Robinson, for the plaintiff.

J. S Scobey, for the state.

OPINION

Roache J.

Indictment against Swails for the forcible entry and detainer of a school-house, the property of a common-school district. Plea, not guilty. The issue was found for the state, and the defendant was fined.

It was proved upon the trial that George McLaughlin, Zenas Darnall and William Butcher, acting in the capacity of trustees of the district, had employed one Simpson Darnall to teach in the school-house of the district mentioned in the indictment; that said Simpson Darnall, on the morning school was to commence, repaired to the school-house; and that the defendant was standing in the door of the house, with a stick or cane in his hand, using loud and threatening language, and declaring that the teacher should not enter. After the latter had gone away, the defendant nailed up the doors of the school-house and left it.

During the trial, the prosecuting attorney offered to prove by parol testimony, that said township was a corporation, legally organized, and had been so recognized by the public for many years; and that said McLaughlin, Zenas Darnall and Butcher were acting as trustees of said school-district, to which the defendant objected, on the ground that there was a record of those facts, which was better evidence.

The Court overruled the objection, and permitted the testimony to go to the jury.

Upon cross-examination it appeared that said trustees had been appointed by the township clerk many years before; that notice for the election of trustees had been given several times; but that no election was held.

The defendant below requested the Court to instruct the jury to the effect that the state was bound to prove that the school-house belonged to the district, and that said school-district was organized as a corporation, by the records, unless the absence of the records was duly accounted for; and that district trustees, appointed by the township clerk, could only hold their offices until the next annual election for trustees. These instructions the Court refused to give.

It is urged that the Court erred in admitting the parol evidence objected to, and in refusing to give the instructions asked for.

We think the parol evidence was competent. It was not necessary for the state to show a legal title to the school-house in the district. To sustain the charge, it was sufficient to prove they were in peaceable possession. This could be properly done by parol.

Such evidence was also competent to establish the official character of the district trustees. The trustees, within their respective districts, are public officers. Proof that an individual has acted notoriously as a public officer, known to the laws, and has been generally recognized as such, is prima facie evidence of such official character, until rebutted by the defendant. 1 Greenl. Ev. ss. 83, 92.

Nor was it necessary that the organization of the district should have been established by the production of the records.

School districts are not mere private, but public or municipal corporations. Their organization is provided for by a public statute, of which the...