Switzer v. City of Wellington

• Decision Date: 10 November 1888
• Parties: H. SWITZER v. THE CITY OF WELLINGTON
• Court: Kansas Supreme Court

19 P. 620

40 Kan. 250

H. SWITZER v. THE CITY OF WELLINGTON

Supreme Court of Kansas

November 10, 1888

Error from Sumner District Court.

ON April 3, 1886, judgment was rendered for the defendant City. The plaintiff Switzer brings the case here. The material facts are stated in the opinion.

Affirmed.

Jno. M Graham, and Isaac G. Reed, for plaintiff in error.

W. H Stafflebach, city attorney, and Lawrence & Ferguson, for defendant in error.

HOLT C. HORTON, C. J. and JOHNSTON, J., concurring. VALENTINE, J dissenting.

OPINION

HOLT, C.:

On January 8, 1883, H. Switzer, the plaintiff in error, brought an action in justice's court against James Cronin, and recovered judgment by confession, on the 13th day of January; at the same time he served a garnishee process upon P. A. Wood, mayor of the city of Wellington. Upon the 22d of January the mayor answered under oath that the city was indebted to James Cronin in the sum of $ 45.88. The city failing to pay this amount, the plaintiff brought this action to recover it. Judgment was rendered for the defendant in justice's court, and the case was taken to the Sumner district court on error, where the judgment was reversed, and the case held for trial in said court; upon trial, judgment was again rendered for defendant.

It appears that the city of Wellington was indebted to Cronin on a contract for work upon the streets, but it was agreed in open court that the only question sought to be presented here should be whether or not a municipal corporation should be required to answer as a garnishee in justice's court. The plaintiff contends that § 54a, chapter 81, Compiled Laws of 1879, authorizes such a proceeding. It is as follows:

"That in all personal actions arising upon contract before justices of the peace, if the plaintiff, his agent or attorney shall file with the justice at the time of or after the commencement of suit, an affidavit stating that he has good reason to believe, and does believe, that any corporation or person to be named, and within the county where the action is brought, has property, money, goods, chattels, credits and effects in his hands, or under his contract [control], belonging to the defendant, or that such corporation or person is anywise indebted to the principal defendant, whether such indebtedness be due or not, that the principal defendant (naming him) is justly indebted to the plaintiff in a given amount over and above all legal set-off, and that the plaintiff has good reason to and does believe that he will lose the same unless a garnishee summons issue to the aforesaid person, a garnishee summons shall be issued and personally served, in the same manner as an ordinary summons, and from the time of such service the garnishee shall stand liable to the plaintiff for all property, money and articles in his hands or due from him to the defendant."

It is contended that the phrase "any person or corporation" includes a city of the second class; that the term "corporation" is used without limitation, and embraces not only private but public corporations. We think that the term "corporation" as used in this section has reference solely to private corporations organized for private purposes, and that it does not include municipal corporations. Cities are a part of the government, and should not be required to become involved in litigation in which they have no interest. This exemption from garnishee process is based entirely upon the ground of public policy. The reasons given by different courts are numerous; among others, that it would impair the usefulness and power of such corporations in the discharge of their functions; it would draw cities into litigation and occupy the time of their officers in expensive and vexatious suits in which they had no interest, and would compel them to expend the money of the people and the time of their officials on a matter wholly foreign to their creation; it might impede public improvements and the execution of contracts in which the public would be interested. In Merwin v. City of Chicago, 45 Ill. 133, the court says:

"But in our opinion the city should not be subjected to this species of litigation, no matter what may be the character of its indebtedness. If we hold it must answer in all cases, and the exemption from liability be allowed to depend in each case upon the character of the indebtedness, we still leave it liable to a vast amount of litigation in which it has no interest, and obliged to spend the money of the people and the time of its officials in the management of matters wholly foreign to the object of its creation. A municipal corporation cannot be properly turned into an instrument or agency for the collection of private debts. It exists simply for the public welfare, and cannot be required to consume the time of its officers or the money in its treasury in defending suits, in order that one private individual may the better collect a demand due from another. A private corporation must assume the same duties and liabilities as private individuals, since it is created for private purposes. But a municipal corporation is a part of the government. Its powers are held as a trust for the common good. It should be permitted to act only with reference to that object, and should not be subjugated to duties, liabilities or expenditures, merely to promote private interest or private convenience."

( Wallace v. Lawyer, 54 Ind. 501; McDougal v Hennepin Co., 4 Minn. 184; The State v. Eberly, 12 Neb. 616; Hawthorn v. City of St. Louis, 11 Mo. 59; Erie v. Knapp, 29 Pa. 173; Mayor &c. of Mobile v. Rowland, 26 Ala. 498; Mayor of Baltimore v. Root, 8 Md. 95; Burnham v. City of Fond du Lac, 15 Wis. 194; Buffin v. City of Racine, 26 id. 449; School District v. Gage, 39 Mich. 484; McLellan v. Young, 54 Ga. 399; Drake on Attachment, § 516; Wade...