T.D.P. v. D.D.P.
| Decision Date | 04 August 2006 |
| Docket Number | 2050098. |
| Citation | 950 So.2d 311 |
| Parties | T.D.P. v. D.D.P. and W.H.P. |
| Court | Alabama Court of Civil Appeals |
Frances R. Niccolai, Mobile, for appellant.
W.A. Kimbrough, Jr., Mobile, for appellees.
T.D.P. ("the mother") appeals from a judgment determining that the mother's six-year-old daughter, A.N.P., and three-year-old son, W.H.P. (A.N.P. and W.H.P. are hereinafter collectively referred to as "the children"), were dependent and awarding custody of the children to their paternal grandparents, D.D.P. and W.H.P. ("the paternal grandparents"). We affirm in part and reverse in part.
On September 8, 2004, the paternal grandparents arrived at the mother's residence to return W.H.P. following a weekend visitation and discovered the residence to be in disarray and the refrigerator to be empty; the paternal grandparents immediately went to the Mobile County Department of Human Resources ("DHR") to request an investigation into the mother's care of the children. The next day, the mother was arrested for possession of a controlled substance and incarcerated.1 On September 10, 2004, the paternal grandparents filed a petition with the Mobile Juvenile Court requesting temporary custody of the children due to the mother's situation; the juvenile court granted that petition the same day. In October 2004, the children's maternal grandparents filed a petition seeking to intervene in the pending custody action and requesting custody of the children; the trial court granted their petition to intervene.
The juvenile court conducted an ore tenus proceeding to consider the competing petitions for custody on January 27, 2005. One week later, the juvenile court entered a judgment finding that the children were dependent pursuant to Ala.Code 1975, § 12-15-1 et seq., and ordering the children's guardian ad litem to secure certain information regarding the interested parties, including home studies of both sets of grandparents,2 school records of the children, and police records concerning the mother. Pendente lite custody of the children was continued with the paternal grandparents, but a dispositional hearing was scheduled for April 27, 2005.
At the April 27, 2005, hearing, the paternal grandfather, the maternal grandparents, the mother, and a family friend of the maternal grandparents testified and offered documentary evidence. The paternal grandfather testified that he and his wife had been awarded visitation with the children two years earlier, after the death of their son, the children's father. On October 21, 2005, the juvenile court entered a judgment awarding custody of the children to the paternal grandparents. In that judgment, the maternal grandparents' petition for custody was denied, and the mother was awarded expanded visitation with the children (but the judgment required that the mother's visitation be supervised by the maternal grandparents); however, the juvenile court stated that because of the "extreme expense" involved in exercising visitation, the mother would not be required to pay child support to the paternal grandparents. The mother filed a timely postjudgment motion, and the juvenile court amended the judgment by clarifying the visitation schedule and awarding an attorney fee to the mother's court-appointed attorney. The mother appeals.
The mother challenges the juvenile court's determination of dependency and its award of custody of the children to the paternal grandparents. Initially, we note that when evidence is presented ore tenus, the trial court's judgment is presumed to be correct and will be set aside only if it is plainly and palpably wrong. Lucero v. Lucero, 485 So.2d 347, 348 (Ala. Civ.App.1986). A finding of dependency must be supported by clear and convincing evidence. Ala.Code 1975, § 12-15-65(f); see also M.M.S. v. D.W., 735 So.2d 1230, 1233 (Ala.Civ.App.1999). However, matters of dependency are within the sound discretion of the trial court, and a trial court's ruling in a dependency action in which evidence is presented ore tenus will not be reversed absent a showing that the ruling was plainly and palpably wrong. See, e.g., R.G. v. Calhoun County Dep't of Human Res., 716 So.2d 219, 221 (Ala.Civ. App.1998); G.C. v. G.D., 712 So.2d 1091, 1093 (Ala.Civ.App.1997); and J.M. v. State Dep't of Human Res., 686 So.2d 1253, 1255 (Ala.Civ.App.1996).
Alabama Code 1975, § 12-15-1(10)m., provides that a child may be declared dependent if he or she is "for any ... cause ... in need of the care and protection of the state." This subsection has been held to give the court the authority to declare a child dependent under the totality of the circumstances. Martin v. State ex rel. Alabama Dep't of Human Res., 502 So.2d 769, 771 (Ala.Civ.App. 1987); see also Kennedy v. State Dep't of Human Res., 535 So.2d 168, 170 (Ala.Civ. App.1988). The transfer of custody upon a finding of dependency is governed by the child's best interests. Jones v. Webb, 524 So.2d 374, 374 (Ala.Civ.App.1988).
The record reveals that the mother had a history of marijuana abuse. The mother admitted that she had lost her nursing license in October 2002 when she tested positive for THC (the chief intoxicant found in marijuana) during a work-related drug screening. The mother stated that the death of her husband followed shortly by the birth of W.H.P. had initially prevented her from getting proper treatment for her drug-dependency problem. She stated that she had completed an inpatient drug-treatment program at a facility called The Haven, but that she had been placed on a waiting list for several months before finally being accepted into a 12-week intensive outpatient drug-rehabilitation program. The mother testified that she was within a few weeks of completing that program, that she had not tested positive for any illegal drugs since the children had been removed from her home, and that she had already been hired to work at a local hospital as a nursing aide until she could petition the State Nursing Board to regain her nursing license later in the year.
The mother testified that, although she had been arrested on September 9, 2004, and charged with possession of illegal drugs, she had been informed by the local district attorney that those charges would not be presented to a grand jury and had been dropped. She testified that the arresting officer told her that, upon further investigation, the officer had concluded that "they [were] in the middle of a domestic relations battle and [he] wished they had never got into it."
At the time of trial in 2005, the mother had been living in her recently deceased grandmother's house for approximately four months to prepare it for sale. The mother stated that, after completing that project, she wanted to obtain housing in the same school district that the children had attended when she and the children had previously lived with the maternal grandparents. The mother testified that although she had been working as a waitress at the time the children were removed from her custody, she had quit her job to concentrate on successfully completing the drug-rehabilitation program, which included mandatory meetings five nights a week. She opined that she would be a better caregiver than either set of grandparents.3
In contrast to the mother's testimony was the paternal grandfather's testimony regarding the living conditions of the trailer where the mother and the children were staying when the children were removed from the mother's custody by court order in September 2004. The grandfather testified that the mother's refrigerator was empty, that her residence was in disarray, and that, within 24 hours of discovering those conditions, the mother had been arrested for possible drug-related offenses. By the time of trial seven months later, the mother was unemployed and was involved in an intensive drug-rehabilitation program. Based upon the totality of the circumstances summarized above, we conclude that the juvenile court could properly have concluded that the children were dependent.
The mother also contends that awarding custody of the children to the paternal grandparents constituted an abuse of discretion. The only testimony regarding the paternal grandparents' ability to be custodians of the children was offered by the paternal grandfather. He stated that he and his wife lived in a one-bedroom camper that they had parked at Bay Resort Recreational Vehicle Park in Athens, Alabama, on a bluff overlooking the Tennessee River; he noted that their lot contained a steep drop of between 10 to 35 feet directly downhill to the river. The paternal grandfather opined that although there was a short wire fence that the children could easily step over, he did not believe the children could reach the edge of the bluff because it was 75 feet from the camper. He noted that his wife did not work outside the home unless she helped him run a concession stand that he owned and operated. Notably, although the paternal grandfather stated that he worked four days each week as a mobile-home escort driver, he did not offer any evidence of his monthly or annual income.
On the other hand, the paternal grandfather's testimony was seriously disturbing in several respects. When questioned about any prior arrests or convictions, the paternal grandfather admitted that he had been convicted of felony possession of illegal...
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