T.R. v. Review Bd. of The Ind. Dep't of Workforce Dev.

• Court: Indiana Appellate Court
• Writing for the Court: OPINION
• Citation: T.R. v. Review Bd. of The Ind. Dep't of Workforce Dev., 950 N.E.2d 792 (Ind. App. 2011)
• Decision Date: 16 June 2011
• Docket Number: No. 93A02–1005–EX–640.,93A02–1005–EX–640.
• Parties: T.R., Appellant–Claimant,v.REVIEW BOARD OF the INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT, Appellee–Respondent.

950 N.E.2d 792

T.R., Appellant–Claimant,

v.REVIEW BOARD OF the INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT, Appellee–Respondent.

No. 93A02–1005–EX–640.

Court of Appeals of Indiana.

June 16, 2011.

T.R., Hanover, IN, Appellant Pro Se.Gregory F. Zoeller, Attorney General of Indiana, Pamela S. Moran, Deputy Attorney General, Indianapolis, IN, for Appellee.

OPINION

ROBB, Chief Judge.

Case Summary and Issues

T.R. appeals pro se the decision by the Indiana Department of Workforce Development Review Board (“Review Board”) affirming the finding by the Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) that T.R. left her employment without good cause, thereby terminating her unemployment benefits. T.R. raises two issues which we restate as whether she was denied due process, and whether the ALJ's finding that T.R. voluntarily left her employment without good cause is supported by the evidence. Concluding that T.R. was afforded due process and the ALJ's findings are supported by the evidence, we affirm.

Facts and Procedural History

T.R. was employed as a salesperson for a cellular phone company from June 1, 2009 to December 24, 2009. On January 18, 2010, a deputy of the Indiana Department of Workforce Development (“DWD”) concluded that T.R. did not voluntarily leave her employment. T.R.'s former employer appealed, and the DWD sent T.R. a Notice of Hearing on the employer's appeal. The Notice of Hearing indicated a telephonic hearing would be held on April 12, 2010, at 10:30 a.m. Eastern Standard Time, and also included the following instructions:

TELEPHONE HEARING: ... PLEASE RETURN the participation slip with your phone number. The judge will call you at the time of the hearing.

* * *

Hearings may proceed in the absence of one or both of the parties. You cannot call in and be connected to a hearing that is already in progress.

... The only evidence considered by the judge is the evidence presented at the hearing by a party participating in the hearing.

* * *

Contact Telephone Number. ... Page 2 of the Notice of Hearing is a form where you can write your contact phone number with area code.... These forms may be mailed, faxed, or delivered in-person to the judge's office.... Be sure to keep your fax confirmation sheet to prove that your document was sent, should any problem arise later. It is your responsibility to insure that the judge has your contact telephone number. You may call the judge's clerk 24 hours prior to the hearing to confirm your telephone number.... If you have not returned a form, the judge may attempt to call you at the number provided on your appeal statement, or from any other documents contained in the appeals file; however, the judge is not required to search for a valid contact number. If the judge is not able to reach you, regardless of the cause, it may be considered as a lack of response and participation in the hearing. A decision or dismissal may be issued by the judge even if you do not participate....

* * *

Appendix of Appellee Review Board at 5–7 (emphasis in original).

At the beginning of the hearing, the ALJ called the employer, and stated on the record that T.R. “failed to return a participation sheet for today's hearing, so we will proceed without her participation.” Transcript at 1. The employer then testified that T.R. “quit” without notification. Id. at 3. In particular, T.R. “was supposed to return on Saturday and she did not return to work on Saturday. We tried to call her, and on Sunday she returned her keys to another employee.” Id. at 3–4. The employer further testified that T.R. was a “great employee,” the company does not know why she left, it was the busiest time of the year for the company so there was work for T.R. to do, and shortly after quitting T.R. appeared at the company's office requesting a copy of all of her pay stubs. Id. at 4. Finally, the employer asserted:

At no time did we ever fire [T.R.], and at no time did we ever discuss anything that she may have been dissatisfied with. So no discussion was made of that. She just never returned to work and then the next thing we knew she was turning in her keys, so we never fired her.

Id. at 4–5.

Following the hearing, the ALJ issued a decision including the following findings of fact and conclusions of law:

FINDINGS OF FACT: The Claimant was employed as a salesperson from 6/1/09 to 12/24/09. The Claimant failed to call or report to work after 12/24/09. The Claimant returned her keys to a coworker on 12/27/09. The Claimant was not in the midst of discipline at the time she failed to appear. The Claimant never expressed any job dissatisfaction. The Employer still had work available for the Claimant to do.

CONCLUSIONS OF LAW: ...

* * *

The evidence shows that this claimant voluntarily left employment with this employer, making the claimant the party with the burden of proof. The claimant did not appear at the hearing to present evidence, and as a result there is no substantial evidence of record from the party with the burden of proof that shows that the separation was for good cause in connection with the work. Therefore, the Administrative Law Judge concludes that the claimant voluntarily left employment but not for good cause in connection with work....

App. of Appellee Review Board at 15–16 (emphasis in original).

T.R. appealed the ALJ's decision to the Review Board, which adopted and incorporated the ALJ's findings of fact and conclusions of law, and affirmed the ALJ's decision without accepting evidence or holding a hearing. T.R. now appeals pro se.

Discussion and Decision

I. Standard of Review

Upon review of an unemployment compensation proceeding, we determine whether the Review Board's decision is reasonable in light of its findings. Szymanski v. Review Bd. of Ind. Dep't of Workforce Dev., 656 N.E.2d 290, 292 (Ind.Ct.App.1995). We are bound by the Review Board's resolution of all factual issues, and accordingly we do not reweigh evidence or assess the credibility of witnesses. Id. We consider only the evidence and reasonable inferences which are most favorable to the Review Board's decision, and will not set aside the decision if there is substantial evidence of probative value in support thereof. Id. By implication, this standard of review dictates that where, as here, the Review Board adopts and incorporates by reference the findings and conclusions of the ALJ and affirms the ALJ's decision without accepting additional evidence, we are bound by the ALJ's resolution of all factual issues. See Franklin County Cmty. Sch. Corp. v. Brashear, 660 N.E.2d 1081 (Ind.Ct.App.1996). However, we are not bound by the Review Board's interpretation of law, and determine de novo whether the Review Board correctly interpreted and applied the law. Szymanski, 656 N.E.2d at 292. Whether a party was afforded due process in an unemployment proceeding is a question of law. Scott v. Review Bd. of Indiana Dep't of Workforce Dev., 725 N.E.2d 993, 996 (Ind.Ct.App.2000).

Because T.R. appeals pro se, it is imperative to make clear that we hold pro se litigants to the same standard as trained attorneys. Wright v. Elston, 701 N.E.2d 1227, 1231 (Ind.Ct.App.1998), trans. denied. At the same time, we prefer to resolve cases that come before us on their merits whenever possible. W.H. Nichols & Co. v. Day, 132 Ind.App. 156, 157, 175 N.E.2d 893, 894 (1961).

II. Denial of Due Process

The issue of due process in unemployment benefits cases often arises when one party alleges inadequate notice of a hearing, but the case before us is quite different. T.R. acknowledges having received actual notice and instead argues she was denied due process because she was not called to participate in the hearing—the ALJ stated T.R. failed to return her participation sheet, which would have contained her phone number. T.R. contends that a postal service error led to her failure to return the participation sheet. She does not explain what this error was or possibly could have been if she knows, but insists she mailed it in and notes that when she did not receive a phone call at the scheduled time for the hearing she called the DWD immediately, in an attempt to connect to the hearing if it were already in progress.

“The fundamental requirement of due process is the opportunity to be heard at a meaningful time and in a meaningful manner.” NOW Courier, Inc. v. Review Bd. of Ind. Dep't of Workforce Dev., 871 N.E.2d 384, 387 (Ind.Ct.App.2007). Accordingly, parties to a disputed claim for unemployment benefits must be afforded “a reasonable opportunity for fair hearing.” Ind.Code § 22–4–17–3(a). An ALJ may hold a hearing by telephone upon determining that to do so is proper and just and neither the claimant nor employer objects. Ind.Code § 22–4–17–8.5(b)(4).

At the outset, we reiterate that T.R. does not allege insufficient notice, and does not challenge the telephonic nature of the hearing. The sole due process issue is whether T.R. was denied due process by failing to participate in the hearing.

Accordingly, we are drawn to the portion of the instructions sent to T.R. that expressly indicates T.R.'s personal responsibility to ensure the ALJ has her contact information, and which permits T.R. to call the clerk prior to the hearing to confirm the ALJ had the correct telephone number. This, along with the date and time of the hearing, constitutes sufficiently specific notice of a scheduled hearing and clear instructions on how to participate. Other portions of the instructions make clear that the stakes are high if her contact information is not received—the ALJ could both hold the hearing in T.R.'s absence and enter a decision to discontinue her unemployment benefits. This describes reasonable limits of an opportunity to be heard and even a direction on how to take advantage of that opportunity.

A review of similar cases is helpful to explain why T.R.'s failure to follow up on that opportunity and the ALJ's resulting inability to contact her does not constitute denial of...