Taylor v. Swenson

• Decision Date: 04 June 1971
• Docket Number: No. 18779-4.,18779-4.
• Citation: 327 F. Supp. 1165
• Parties: Arthur Lee TAYLOR, Petitioner, v. Harold R. SWENSON, Warden, Church Prison Farm, Jefferson City, Missouri, Respondent.
• Court: U.S. District Court — Western District of Missouri

327 F. Supp. 1165

Arthur Lee TAYLOR, Petitioner, v. Harold R. SWENSON, Warden, Church Prison Farm, Jefferson City, Missouri, Respondent.

No. 18779-4.

United States District Court, W. D. Missouri, W. D.

June 4, 1971.

Ronald Sokol, Legal Aid & Defender Society of Greater Kansas City, Kansas City, Mo., for petitioner.

J. Michael Jarrard, Jefferson City, Mo., for respondent.

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER DENYING PETITION FOR WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS

ELMO B. HUNTER, District Judge.

Petitioner, a state prisoner who is currently confined in the Church Prison Farm at Jefferson City, Missouri, has filed in forma pauperis a petition for writ of habeas corpus challenging the validity of his state conviction and sentence. Leave to proceed in forma pauperis was granted by the Court in the order to show cause entered October 28, 1970.

On May 16, 1969, petitioner was sentenced by the Circuit Court of Jackson County, Missouri, to a term of five years imprisonment following a jury conviction upon charges of robbery in the first degree. Following that judgment of conviction and the imposition of sentence, petitioner took a direct appeal to the Supreme Court of Missouri. On appeal, the judgment of conviction was affirmed. See: State v. Taylor, 456 S. W.2d 9 (Mo.1970). Petitioner has filed no previous post-conviction motions with regard to this conviction and sentence.

In support of his application for federal habeas corpus relief, petitioner, in his initial petition, set forth the following legal and factual contentions:

"Movant was displayed in a tainted lineup without counsel in violation of rights guaranteed by the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution.

"Failure of the trial court to hear the motion to suppress lineup identification outside the hearing of the jury denied movant an effective right of confrontation and thus denied him due process of law guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States.

"Movant, then a seventeen year old boy, was not accorded counsel during a three-man lineup in which he was identified. He purportedly signed a waiver of his right to counsel. Prior to the lineup, the victim had identified a photograph of movant as one of his assailants. Three persons exhibited in the lineup were of widely varying physical description, with movant the only person fitting generally a description of the assailant given at the crime scene or facially resembling the selected photograph."

From the records filed in this proceeding, including the official state report of petitioner's direct appeal to the Supreme Court of Missouri, it appears that petitioner has presented to the highest state appellate court the contentions he seeks to raise herein. And respondent concedes that petitioner has exhausted his adequate and available state post-conviction remedies with regard to the precise issues raised in this federal proceeding. Thus, it is clearly apparent that petitioner is entitled to a review by this Court to determine whether current federal standards were applied. See: Tyler v. Swenson, 440 F. 2d 621 (8th Cir. 1971); Edwards v. Swenson, 429 F.2d 1291 (8th Cir. 1970); Williams v. State of Missouri, 317 F. Supp. 338 (W.D.Mo.1970); Huffman v. State of Missouri, 313 F.Supp. 730 (W. D.Mo.1970); Dixon v. Missouri, 295 F. Supp. 170 (W.D.Mo.1969).

The state court record and the testimony and evidence adduced at the full evidentiary hearing held in this federal proceeding reveal the following factual background. On November 24, 1968, at approximately 6:45 a. m., James Frizzell, a Kansas City Transit Company bus driver, stopped his vehicle to allow two young Negro men to board it. At the time, there were two other passengers in the bus. The first young man, who was later identified as the petitioner, pulled a gun from his jacket, stated that it was a holdup, and demanded Frizzell's money. In compliance with this and other demands of his assailant, Frizzell turned over all of the money contained in the changing machine of the bus in addition to some paper currency he had been keeping in his shirt pocket. During this encounter, Frizzell confronted the robber for approximately two to three minutes. After receiving the money, the robber backed out of the bus and ran down the street. Frizzell then drove a short distance down the street and called the police.

During the afternoon of the same day, Frizzell went to the police station. He was shown between one hundred fifty and two hundred photographs of young Caucasion and Negro males. Out of this volume of photographs and without suggestion from police officers, Frizzell identified petitioner as the person who had robbed him.

Later, on the evening of November 24th, Frizzell again returned to the police station to view a lineup. The lineup was comprised of three young Negro men of approximately the same age: the petitioner; a man slightly taller and heavier than the petitioner; and a man shorter and lighter than the petitioner. Each man in the lineup was wearing dissimilar clothing. Each was asked his name, address, height, and weight. From this lineup, Frizzell again identified petitioner as his assailant.

On March 31, 1969, immediately prior to petitioner's trial, a motion to suppress the in-court identification of petitioner by Frizzell was filed by petitioner's counsel. As grounds for that motion, counsel for the petitioner asserted (1) that the petitioner was displayed in the lineup without the assistance of counsel in violation of the principles announced in United States v. Wade, 388 U.S. 218, 87 S.Ct. 1926, 18 L.Ed.2d 1149 (1967), and (2) that the composition of the lineup was such as to violate petitioner's constitutional rights. In the pre-trial conference held immediately before trial, over the objection of defense counsel, the state trial judge ruled that, with the exception of the testimony of the petitioner, he would hear the motion to suppress in connection with the trial of the case. Following the close of the State's case and outside the presence of the jury, the trial judge heard the testimony of the petitioner with regard to the lineup and oral argument in connection with the motion to suppress. The motion to suppress was overruled. During the trial of petitioner's case, Frizzell testified as to both the identification of the petitioner as his assailant and as to the lineup held on the day of the robbery.

As previously indicated, petitioner contends that the in-court identification by Frizzell was the product of a lineup which was violative of his constitutionally-protected rights because (1) he was not represented by an attorney at the lineup, and (2) the lineup in question was "unduly suggestive" in composition. Since testimony concerning the lineup was introduced at petitioner's trial, the lineup itself must be constitutionally valid even though there may exist an "independent basis" for the identification by Frizzell. Gilbert v. California, 388 U.S. 263, 272, 87 S.Ct. 1951, 18 L.Ed.2d 1178 (1967). Thus, the lineup in question must be viewed in light of both of the above contentions.

The infirmity in petitioner's contention that he was displayed at the lineup without the benefit of counsel is that the substantial and credible evidence adduced during the state proceedings and in the hearing in this proceeding shows that petitioner knowingly and voluntarily waived his right to counsel immediately before the lineup was conducted. In both proceedings, the State introduced into evidence a waiver of counsel form which had been signed by petitioner and which indicated his desire to waive counsel and to appear in the lineup. Further, in both state and federal proceedings, Richard James, the police officer who conducted the lineup, testified with regard to petitioner's waiver of counsel and the composition of the lineup itself. James testified that he conducted the lineup of November 24, 1968; that he signed the waiver of counsel form as a witness; that petitioner signed the waiver form in his presence; that, as a matter of standard procedure, the waiver of counsel form is given to a suspect just prior to a lineup; that the suspect is given the form in an adequately lighted room; that the suspect is always fully advised of his right to counsel before the waiver form is signed; that the suspect is always asked to read the waiver form before it is signed; that the waiver is fully explained before the form is signed; that the suspect is advised that he will be shown to an eye-witness; that the suspect is informed that he will be shown in connection with a...