Thompson Tractor Co. v. Fair Contracting Co., Inc.

• Decision Date: 07 January 2000
• Citation: 757 So.2d 396
• Parties: THOMPSON TRACTOR COMPANY, INC. v. FAIR CONTRACTING COMPANY, INC.
• Court: Alabama Supreme Court

757 So.2d 396

THOMPSON TRACTOR COMPANY, INC. v. FAIR CONTRACTING COMPANY, INC.

1981290.

Supreme Court of Alabama.

January 7, 2000.

John D. Watson and James F. Archibald III of Bradley, Arant, Rose & White, L.L.P., Birmingham, for appellant.

Russell Jackson Drake and Peter H. Burke of Whatley Drake, L.L.C., Birmingham; and Silas G. Cross, Robert F. Prince, and Erby J. Fischer of Prince, Poole & Cross, P.C., Tuscaloosa, for appellee.

HOUSTON, Justice.

This is an arbitration case.

Thompson Tractor Company, Inc. ("Thompson"), entered contracts over a period of years with Fair Contracting Company, Inc. ("Fair"), by which Thompson rented equipment to Fair. Rental contracts entered by those parties during the period 1997 to 1999 generally contained agreements to arbitrate disputes. Rental contracts entered during the period 1995 to 1996 had not contained arbitration agreements. The arbitration agreements provided for arbitration of disputes between these parties arising out of "any prior negotiations or dealings" between them. Fair sued Thompson, stating claims related to the rental contracts. The trial court denied the defendant Thompson's motion to compel arbitration of Fair's claims. Thompson appealed. The question here is whether the arbitration agreements in the later rental contracts require Fair to arbitrate its claims based on the earlier rental contracts. We conclude that they do. Therefore, we reverse the order denying the motion to compel arbitration and remand.

Fair filed a purported class action seeking damages from Thompson on theories of breach of contract, unjust enrichment, and assumpsit, alleging that Fair and other members of the putative class ("the class") had rented construction equipment from Thompson, and that Thompson had improperly passed along to Fair and the class the Alabama Rental Tax¹ that Thompson paid to the State of Alabama on the rentals. Thompson filed a motion to compel arbitration, based upon the arbitration agreements in Thompson's rental agreements with Fair and the class from 1997 to 1999. Fair amended the complaint to assert only claims arising out of the rental agreements entered into by the parties in 1995, 1996, and on unknown later dates, that did not contain arbitration clauses. By affidavit of Ford Williams, the president of Fair, Fair introduced lease agreements with Thompson that were executed before June 7, 1996, which did not contain arbitration clauses. By affidavits of Tom McGough, vice president of Thompson, Thompson introduced lease agreements with Fair that were executed after June 7, 1996, with the latest one being dated March 22, 1999 (more than five months after the complaint was filed), which did contain arbitration clauses. Those arbitration clauses were in all relevant parts identical to the arbitration clause quoted later in this opinion. The trial court denied Thompson's motion to compel arbitration. Thompson appealed.

An appeal is the proper method of challenging a trial court's order refusing to compel arbitration. A.G. Edwards & Sons, Inc. v. Clark, 558 So.2d 358, 360 (Ala.1990).

This case presents a question of law. Our review is "de novo." See Patrick Home Center, Inc. v. Karr, 730 So.2d 1171 (Ala.1999).

The scope of the disputes embraced by an arbitration clause is a matter of contract interpretation. Allied-Bruce Terminix Companies, Inc. v. Dobson, 684 So.2d 102, 107 (Ala.1995). When dealing with an unambiguous arbitration clause, the court will determine the parties' intent at the time the contract was executed by analyzing the plain language of the arbitration clause. Coastal Ford, Inc. v. Kidder, 694 So.2d 1285, 1288 (Ala.1997). "`[I]f in its terms a contract is plain and free from ambiguity, then there is no room for construction and it is the duty of the court to enforce it as written.'" Ex parte Conference America, Inc., 713 So.2d 953, 956 (Ala.1998), quoting Ex parte South Carolina Ins. Co., 683 So.2d 987, 989 (Ala. 1996).

The arbitration provisions in the 1997-99 leases between Thompson and Fair provide as follows:

"20. Arbitration and waiver of jury trial. Lessee and Lessor acknowledge and agree that the transaction between them involves `commerce' as that term is used in the Federal Arbitration Act (`FAA'), 9 U.S.C. § 1. Lessee and Lessor agree that all disputes, controversies and claims of any kind and character whatsoever ... arising out of or related to this Lease, the Equipment, the transactions evidenced or contemplated by this Lease, any prior negotiations or dealings between Lessee and Lessor, or any maintenance or service performed by Lessor on the Equipment or on any other related or unrelated property before, on, or after the date of this Lease, whether based in tort, contract, warranty, or statutory or strict liability, shall be submitted to binding arbitration under the FAA in Birmingham, Alabama, administered by the American Arbitration Association in accordance with its Commercial Arbitration Rules.... The parties hereby waive the right to trial by jury of all disputes, controversies and claims which they have hereby agreed will be resolved by arbitration whether the dispute, claim or controversy is submitted to arbitration or is decided by a court."

(Bold-print emphasis original; other emphasis added.)

Fair contends that the language in the arbitration clause applies to the specific lease or transactions contemplated by the specific lease contract, pointing out that on more than one occasion the arbitration clause refers to "this lease." Thus, it argues, each lease contract stands alone.

Thompson contends that Fair and Thompson agreed to arbitrate "all disputes, controversies and claims of any kind and character whatsoever ..., whether based in tort, contract, warranty, or statutory or strict liability," that arose out of or related to any of the following...