Thorncreek Apartments I, LLC v. Vill. of Park Forest
Decision Date | 11 June 2015 |
Docket Number | 08 C 1225,Nos. 08 C 869,08 C 4303.,s. 08 C 869 |
Citation | 123 F.Supp.3d 1012 |
Parties | THORNCREEK APARTMENTS I, LLC, Thorncreek Apartments II, LLC, and Thorncreek Apartments III, LLC, Plaintiffs, v. VILLAGE OF PARK FOREST, an Illinois municipal corporation, Tom Mick, in his individual capacity and as Village Manager, Mae Brandon, in her individual capacity and as Village Trustee, Bonita Dillard, in her individual capacity and as Village Trustee, Gary Kopycinski, in his individual capacity and as Village Trustee, Kenneth W. Kramer, in his individual capacity and as Village Trustee, Robert McCray, in his individual capacity and as Village Trustee, Georgia O'Neill, in her individual capacity and as Village Trustee, Lawrence Kerestes, in his individual capacity and as Village Director of Community Development, John A. Ostenburg, in his individual capacity and as Mayor of the Village of Park Forest, and Sheila McGann, in her capacity as Village Clerk, Defendants. |
Court | U.S. District Court — Northern District of Illinois |
Andrew W. Mychalowych, Meghan Wright Cassidy, Siciliano Mychalowych & Van Dusen, PLC, Farmington Hills, MI, Dirk L. Van Beek, Dirk Van Beek Attorney At Law, Tinley Park, IL, for Plaintiff.
Michael Russell Hartigan, Patrick Halpin O'Connor, Hartigan & O'Connor P.C., Nikoleta Lamprinakos, Rachel Ellen Lutner, Robbins Schwartz Nicholas Lifton & Taylor Ltd., Chicago, IL, Todd Kenneth Hayden, Robbins, Schwartz, Nicholas, Lifton & Taylor, Ltd., Joliet, IL, for Defendant.
The history of these consolidated cases is set forth in the recent opinion resolving the parties' various post-trial motions. Doc. 435 2015 WL 2444498 ). Familiarity with that opinion and its naming conventions is assumed, and, as before, all docket entries are from Case 08 C 1255. Now before the court are the parties' dueling bills of costs under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 54(d)(1) and 28 U.S.C. § 1920. Thorncreek seeks $176,006.74 in costs from the Village of Park Forest, Tom Mick, and Lawrence Kerestes, the three defendants found liable by the jury. Doc. 386. Defendants seek $177,003.60 in costs from Thorncreek. Doc. 387. For the following reasons, both bills of costs are overruled, and each side shall bear its own costs.
Rule 54(d)(1) provides, in relevant part: "Unless a federal statute, these rules, or a court order provides otherwise, costs—other than attorney's fees—should be allowed to the prevailing party." Fed.R.Civ.P. 54(d)(1). This Rule "creates a presumption in favor of awarding costs to the prevailing party." Myrick v. WellPoint, Inc., 764 F.3d 662, 666 (7th Cir.2014). But like most presumptions, this one can be overcome—particularly in so-called "mixed result" or "mixed outcome" cases, where each side prevails in some respects and not others, and where the district court has wide discretion to deny costs to both sides. See Gavoni v. Dobbs House, Inc., 164 F.3d 1071, 1075 (7th Cir.1999) (); FASA Corp. v. Playmates Toys, Inc., 108 F.3d 140, 144 (7th Cir.1997) (); Testa v. Vill. of Mundelein, 89 F.3d 443, 447 (7th Cir.1996) (); Estate of Hevia v. Portrio Corp., 602 F.3d 34, 46 (1st Cir.2010) (); Amarel v. Connell, 102 F.3d 1494, 1523 (9th Cir.1996) (); see also Exxon Valdez v. Exxon Mobil, 568 F.3d 1077, 1081 (9th Cir.2009) () (applying Fed. R.App. P. 39(a)(4) ).
Thorncreek lost several of its claims at summary judgment: its state and federal due process and takings claims in their entirety; its claims against the individual defendants in their official capacities; its Illinois Civil Rights Act ("ICRA") claim against the individual defendants in their personal capacities; and its claims against Sheila McGann. 970 F.Supp.2d 828, 845–49 (N.D.Ill.2013). At trial, Thorncreek lost outright on all of its claims against seven of the ten remaining defendants; lost outright on its equal protection/race, 42 U.S.C. § 1986, and ICRA claims; and prevailed against the three other defendants on only its equal protection/class-of-one claim (against the Village and Mick) and its 42 U.S.C. § 1985(3) claim (against Mick and Kerestes), obtaining $2,014,002.00 in compensatory and nominal damages and $6,000.00 in punitive damages. Doc. 372. The court's ruling on the post-trial motions eliminated Thorncreek's victory on the § 1985(3) claim, vacated $1,000.00 of the punitive damage award (the portion attributable to Kerestes, who was no longer liable on any claim), entered judgment for Kerestes, denied Thorncreek's motion for a new trial on damages, and awarded Thorncreek $501,032.88 in prejudgment interest. 2015 WL 2444498, at *11.
When all was said and done, Thorncreek prevailed on just one of several claims against just two of the eleven defendants, and received just over $2 million in compensatory damages, plus prejudgment interest, and $5000.00 in punitive damages; Thorncreek had asked the jury for about ten times as much in compensatory damages and over one hundred times as much in punitive damages, and felt so strongly that the compensatory damage award was insufficient that it moved for a new trial on damages. Nine of the eleven defendants prevailed across the board against Thorncreek. All of the plaintiffs (recall that each of these three suits involves different Thorncreek entities) share materially identical interests and can be considered one "side," and the same can be said for the eleven defendants (the Village and ten of its officials, who jointly filed briefs and other pleadings throughout the case and who jointly examined the witnesses and delivered closing arguments at trial). As explained below, the outcome certainly qualifies as a "mixed result" within the meaning of the mixed result cases.
Thorncreek and Defendants each assert that they and they alone are the prevailing parties under Rule 54(d)(1). Doc. 395 at 4 (); Doc. 399 at 8 (). "A party prevails for purposes of Rule 54(d) when a final judgment awards it substantial relief." Smart v. Local 702 IBEW, 573 F.3d 523, 525 (7th Cir.2009). Although its success was limited, Thorncreek is a Rule 54(d)(1) prevailing party against Mick and the Village; $2 million is a substantial sum, and punitive damages in any amount are a substantial rebuke. See Slane v. Mariah Boats, Inc., 164 F.3d 1065, 1068 (7th Cir.1999) ) (citation omitted). At the same time, the nine other defendants prevailed against Thorncreek, which makes them Rule 54(d)(1) prevailing parties.
Where a plaintiff prevails against some defendants but loses against others, one option is to tax the plaintiff's costs to the losing defendants and the winning defendants' costs to the plaintiff. See Perlman v. Zell, 185 F.3d 850, 858–59 (7th Cir.1999) ( ). A simpler option is for the parties to bear their own respective costs, and that is the better option where, as here, it is impossible to disentangle and allocate the costs expended by either side as between the prevailing and non-prevailing defendants.
The point is illustrated by Israel Travel Advisory Service, Inc. v. Israel Identity Tours, Inc., 61 F.3d 1250 (7th Cir.1995), which affirmed the district court's ordering the parties to bear their own costs where the plaintiff "prevailed ..., but only in part." Id. at 1261. The Israel Travel plaintiff succeeded against one defendant, but it "lost outright" against another and lost to a third "in advance of trial." Ibid. In addition, the plaintiff "peppered the judge with woebegone theories ... [which] took up time and [the defendant's] money without producing anything in return." Ibid. "Under the circumstances," the Seventh Circuit reasoned, "declining to shift costs was a wise decision." Ibid. Similarly, in Testa v. Village of Mundelein, supra, the plaintiff sued several Mundelein police offers for unlawful arrest and the Village of...
To continue reading
Request your trial-
Eagle Forum v. Phyllis Schlafly's Am. Eagles
...modest relief in comparison with what she sought, and she lost on the two retaliation claims"); Thorncreek Apartments I, LLC v. Vill. of Park Forest , 123 F.Supp.3d 1012, 1014 (N.D. Ill. 2015) (mixed outcome and court denied costs to both plaintiff and defendants when plaintiff only won on ......
-
Thorncreek Apartments I, LLC v. Vill. of Park Forest, an Ill. Mun. Corp.
...left things unchanged. Id. at *3, 11. The court then denied the parties' dueling bills of costs. Docs. 445-446 (reported at 123 F. Supp. 3d 1012 (N.D. Ill. 2015)). Now before the court are the parties' respective motions for attorney fees and nontaxable expenses under Federal Rule of Civil ......
-
Springer v. Ethicon, Inc.
...but succeeded only on the malicious prosecution claim and received damages of $1,500); Thorncreek Apartments I, LLC v. Village of Park Forest, 123 F. Supp. 3d 1012, 1014 (N.D. Ill. 2015) (no costs to plaintiff who "prevailed on just one of several claims against just two of eleven defendant......
-
Jordan Khan Music Co. v. Taglioli
...at 1014-15. In that case, three plaintiffs asserted various federal and state causes of action against multiple individuals and entities. Id. at 1014. While the plaintiffs won on their claims against two defendants, they also lost against nine other defendants. Id. At the end of the case, b......