Timms v. James

• Citation: 621 P.2d 798,28 Wn.App. 76
• Decision Date: 30 December 1980
• Docket Number: No. 3542-III-5,3542-III-5
• Parties: , 30 UCC Rep.Serv. 1778 Russell B. TIMMS and Joan Timms, his wife, Respondents, v. Thomas W. JAMES and Elenora James, his wife, Appellants.
• Court: Court of Appeals of Washington

Page 76

28 Wn.App. 76

621 P.2d 798, 30 UCC Rep.Serv. 1778

Russell B. TIMMS and Joan Timms, his wife, Respondents, v. Thomas W. JAMES and Elenora James, his wife, Appellants.

No. 3542-III-5.

Court of Appeals of Washington, Division 3, Panel Three.

Dec. 30, 1980.

Tom G. Cordell, Collins & Hansen, Ephrata, for appellants.

Robert A. Castrodale, Grand Coulee, for respondents.

MUNSON, Judge.

Dr. James ¹ appeals a judgment awarding damages to Dr. Timms for breach of contract. We reverse in part and remand for further proceedings on the issue of commercially reasonable resale of the collateral.

In 1973, Dr. Timms set up a dental practice in Grand Coulee, Washington, by purchasing dental equipment from Burkhart Dental Supply Company (Burkhart). This purchase, along with office expenses for 2 months, was financed by a $69,000 loan from Seattle-First National Bank (bank). Burkhart obtained a security agreement from Dr. Timms, cosigned his note at the bank, and assigned the security agreement to the bank.

In 1976, Dr. Timms decided to sell his now-active dental practice and move to Alaska. In April, he notified his patients his office was to close on June 30, the date on which he was ceasing his practice in Grand Coulee. In late August, Dr. James, a Tacoma dentist, contacted Dr. Timms having heard that the dental practice was for sale. Dr. Timms chartered an airplane and flew to Grand Coulee where the parties met to look over the office and equipment. They signed a preliminary sale agreement providing that Dr. James was to take over Dr. Timms' office equipment and records and Dr. James would assume Dr. Timms' obligations for payment on dental equipment, rent and other expenses.

Thereafter, Drs. Timms and James flew to Yakima and talked to Burkhart and the bank. They signed an "Assignment of Interest in Conditional Sale Contract Security Agreement" wherein the bank retained a security interest in the dental equipment; Burkhart and the bank consented to this assignment. Dr. Timms' liability had been reduced to approximately $45,000 by this time; he remained liable on the obligation.

Dr. James did not generate enough cash income from his practice to remain in business. After defaulting on his rent, the landlord locked him out of the office. Unable to continue his practice in Grand Coulee, Dr. James has since been practicing dentistry in Modesto, California. In January 1977, Burkhart paid the bank the $45,000 which was due at the time Dr. James defaulted. Ten months later in October 1977, Burkhart sold the dental equipment, which had remained in the Grand Coulee office, for $29,000 and made demand upon Dr. Timms for the $16,000 deficiency. Dr. Timms borrowed the money from the bank, paid Burkhart, and then sued Dr. James for that amount. The trial court awarded Dr. Timms judgment; Dr. James appeals. We note four issues:

1. Dr. James contends there is no evidence the resale of the dental equipment was carried out in a commercially reasonable manner. Dr. Timms argues this contention was not pleaded as an issue. It was alluded to in the interrogatories, however, and argued without objection. No evidence was offered on the issue, either as to the proper notice being given or the reasonableness of the sale. There is testimony from Dr. Timms the value of the equipment was between $35,000 and $40,000. Although the court made no specific finding as to the reasonableness of the sale, whether the sale was conducted in such a manner is an issue of fact. Mount Vernon Dodge, Inc. v. Seattle-First National Bank, 18 Wash.App. 569, 570 P.2d 702 (1977).

Pursuant to RCW 62A.9-504(3), a secured creditor has the burden of proving that resale of collateral was accomplished in a commercially reasonable manner. Mount Vernon Dodge, Inc. v. Seattle-First National Bank, supra. Dr. Timms as the original debtor, stands in the shoes of the creditor, Burkhart. Dr. Timms could have asserted the lack of a commercially reasonable resale as a defense against Burkhart. Apparently he did not. We analogize Dr. Timms' position in this relationship to that of a surety he is bound by the same instrument as Dr. James and answerable for the same debt in the event of Dr. James' failure to pay.

Thus, the question presented is, as between a surety (Timms) and principal debtor (James), upon whom does the burden fall to prove that the resale of collateral was done in a commercially reasonable manner? Although we find no authority directly on point, we hold the surety has this burden.

First, Dr. Timms, the surety, can stand in no better position toward Dr. James, the debtor, than Burkhart, the creditor. This is in the nature of the surety's right to subrogation; the surety steps into the shoes of the creditor against whom the principal debtor has a valid defense. United States Fidelity & Guaranty Co. v. Worthington & Co., 6 F.2d 502 (5th Cir. 1925); J. Elder, Stearns on Suretyship, § 11.14 at 472 (5th ed. 1951).

Second, the surety's right to reimbursement extends only to the surety's payment of debts which the principal debtor actually owed. If the surety pays a debt which the principal debtor did not owe, i. e., where the surety fails to assert the principal debtor's defense, the surety is merely a volunteer and cannot claim reimbursement. See Restatement of Security §§ 108(1)(a), 110 (1941). See, e. g., American Surety Co. v. Cunningham, 200 Minn. 566, 275 N.W. 1, 112 A.L.R. 892 (1937). Generally, the burden of proving commercial reasonableness of resale is placed upon the creditor since the creditor is in the best position to know of and control the nature of the resale, and because the creditor is the one asserting the deficiency judgment. See generally, J. White and R. Summers, Uniform Commercial Code § 26-11 at 1122 (2d ed....