Tinsley v. State

• Decision Date: 05 July 1973
• Docket Number: No. 1271S347,1271S347
• Citation: 298 N.E.2d 429,260 Ind. 577
• Parties: Buford TINSLEY and Johnnie Tinsley, Appellants, v. STATE of Indiana, Appellee.
• Court: Indiana Supreme Court

Page 429

298 N.E.2d 429

260 Ind. 577

Buford TINSLEY and Johnnie Tinsley, Appellants, v. STATE of Indiana, Appellee.

No. 1271S347.

Supreme Court of Indiana.

July 5, 1973.

Donald L. Adams, Adams, Ecklund & Frutkin, Indianapolis, for appellants.

Theodore L. Sendak, Atty. Gen., Stephen J. Cuthbert, Deputy Atty. Gen., for appellee.

DeBRULER, Justice.

This is an appeal from a conviction of co-defendants, John and Buford Tinsley, for the crime of first degree burglary after a trial without a jury in the Marion County Criminal Court, Saul Rabb presiding. A direct appeal was taken by both defendants alleging that the evidence introduced at trial was insufficient as a matter of law to sustain their convictions. Some eleven months later a Belated Motion to Correct Errors was filed, under PC. Rule 2, on behalf of Buford Tinsley alleging that the trial judge had evidenced a bias against appellant Buford Tinsley, by a remark the judge made during trial and also that he was incompetent to stand trial at the time of his conviction. The trial judge denied the motion without a hearing, and appellant, Buford Tinsley, has filed a belated appeal contesting the denial of the motion and failure to hold a hearing on the motion.

On Sunday, February 21, 1971, Mrs. Mary Sturdivant left her home at about 10:15 a.m. in order to attend Church. She testified that when she left the doors were locked and the windows closed. When she returned at about 1:30 p.m. she found that her front door had been broken in and the lock broken off. She also found that her house had been ransacked and her television set was missing. A police officer also testified that the front door of the Sturdivant residence had been broken in and the house had been ransacked.

Arthur Walton testified that he lived next door to Mrs. Sturdivant. At about 11:30 a.m. that day he was standing at the back door of his house when he saw both appellants carrying boxes out of a shed in the Sturdivant backyard. They put several boxes in a car and drove off. Sometime later they returned and parked in the alley behind Mrs. Sturdivant's house. Walton testified that he continued to observe appellants and saw a third man come out of Mrs. Sturdivant's house and give a television set to appellants who were waiting in the alley. Both appellants carried the set to the car and drove away. The trial court found both appellants guilty under the theory that they were accessories to the burglary of Mrs. Sturdivant's house.

First degree burglary is defined in the affidavit in this trial and in our statutes (I.C.1971, 35--13--4--4, being Burns § 10--701) as (1) a breaking and entering into a dwelling place, (2) with intent to commit a theft therein. The testimony of Mrs. Sturdivant concerning the broken lock and door clearly established a breaking and entering into her dwelling place. Her further testimony concerning the missing television, along with Walton's testimony regarding the removal of the set from the house, demonstrates the intent to commit a theft as defined in I.C.1971, 35--17--5--3, being Burns § 10--3030.

Appellants contend that this evidence is insufficient because, although it may establish a burglary, it fails to establish that they in fact entered the house. As pointed out above, however, the trial court found appellants guilty under Indiana's accessory statute (I.C.1971, 35--1--29--1, being Burns § 9--102) and as we have stated in the past:

'It is clear that under this statute (9--102) the appellant could be convicted as a principle if he aided or abetted the breaking and entering of the home without regard to whether he himself had entered the home.' Smithhart v. State (1971), Ind., 270 N.E.2d 740.

Walton's testimony shows that both appellants were on the scene of the burglary and that the forcible entry into the house was clearly visible. Appellants were familiar with the neighborhood. They were at the site for considerable length of time and were seen removing boxes from a shed by the house, and a third man was seen handing the television over the fence to them at the rear of the house, after which appellants loaded it into a car. Such evidence is sufficient to establish that they were accessories to the burglary of that home.

Appellants urge, however, that we should discount the testimony given by Arthur Walton because it was brought out in the course of his cross examination that about a year before this incident Walton had been discovered stealing furniture from a nearby house in which appellant, Johnnie Tinsley, was then living, and that Walton had thrown several rocks through Tinsley's window. Appellants contend that this apparent bias on Walton's part coupled with the alibi testimony of the appellants' brother and mother mandates us to discount the witness Walton's testimony.

This, of course, would require us to resolve uestions of credibility and, as this Court has said enumerable times, we will not weigh evidence nor will we resolve questions concerning the credibility of witnesses, but will look to that evidence and the reasonable inferences therefrom which support the finding of the trial court. McFarland v. State (1973), Ind., 295 N.E.2d 809. A conviction will be affirmed if from that viewpoint there is evidence of probative value from which the trier of fact could reasonably infer that the appellants were guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Smith v. State (1970), 254 Ind. 401, 260 N.E.2d 558. The evidence submitted at this trial was sufficient as to all the necessary elements of the charge.

We now turn to the contentions raised by appellant Buford Tinsley's belated appeal. During the testimony of Arthur Walton the trial judge repeatedly responded to appellant's counsel's objections that he was unable to hear Walton's testimony by ordering the witness to speak louder. After several admonishments to the witness, the judge stated to Walton:

'THE COURT: Look, fellow, if that fellow (appellant) doesn't hear you I'll have to turn him loose.

A. Okay.

THE COURT: And it would be your fault.'

The judge also instructed the deputy prosecutor that he would not make his case with a witness that could not be heard. Appellant contends that this statement by the judge evidences a bias against the appellant. We do not believe that the trial judge's comments can be construed as evidence of bias but rather as attempts, resulting from appellant's objections, to have the State's witnesses be heard by appellant and his counsel. This contention is without merit.

Appellant's second contention in his belated appeal is that he must be granted a hearing on the question of his competency at the time of his trial. The Belated Motion to Correct Errors in this case was not filed by either the attorney who had been appellant's trial counsel or the attorney who had perfected appellant's direct appeal. The only factual allegation contained in the motion filed in the trial court bearing on appellant's competency at the time of his trial was a copy of a Marion Probate Court judgment and order of April, 1956, in which a guardian was appointed for Buford Tinsley because he was found to be 'incapable of managing his estate because of mental illness.' The State did not respond to appellant's Belated Motion to Correct Errors and we are therefore constrained to treat the allegations as true. Allred v. State (1965), 246 Ind. 359, 203 N.E.2d 830; Goff v. State (1960), 240 Ind. 267, 163 N.E.2d 888. The trial court denied the motion without a hearing. Appellant now contends that the court erred in not holding a hearing on the matter of his competency.

It is an element of fundamental due process that a defendant cannot be placed on trial for a crime if he is mentally incompetent to understand the proceedings or participate in his defense. Pate v. Robinson (1966), 383 U.S. 375, 86 S.Ct. 836, 15 L.Ed.2d 815; Sims v. State (1965), 246 Ind. 660, 208 N.E.2d 469. The Indiana Legislature has enacted two statutes concerning the method of raising the question of a defendant's competency to stand trial and the procedure to be followed in dealing with the issue. Indiana Code 1971, 35--5--3--2, being Burns § 9--1706a concerns the period before or during the trial, and I.C.1971, 35--5--3--3, being Burns § 9--2217a is directed to the period after the trial but before sentencing. Both statutes provide that the trial judge, either on his own motion or upon the suggestion of any person, must hold a hearing to determine defendant's competency to stand trial if there are 'reasonable grounds' to believe that the defendant is presently incompetent.

The facts presented in this appeal, however, do not concern the usual situation where the question to be resolved on appeal is whether there were sufficient indicators before, during, or even shortly after the...