Town of Mahomet v. Quackenbush

• Decision Date: 05 April 1886
• Citation: 6 S.Ct. 858,29 L.Ed. 982,117 U.S. 508
• Parties: TOWN OF MAHOMET v. QUACKENBUSH. Filed
• Court: U.S. Supreme Court

6 S.Ct. 858

117 U.S. 508

29 L.Ed. 982

TOWN OF MAHOMET v. QUACKENBUSH.

Filed April 5, 1886.

John McNulta and John J. Weed, for plaintiff in error.

T. C. Mather, for defendant in error.

WAITE, C. J.

The facts of this case are identical with those of Anderson v. Santa Anna, 116 U. S. 356, ante, 413, except that here the bonds were issued by one township on the line of the Danville, Urbana, Bloomington & Pekin Railroad, and there, by another. The bonds in the two cases are the same in form, and the statutory authority for their issue the same. All questions actually decided in the other case are concluded in this; but one point is made now that was not presented then, and it arises on these facts:

Artice 3, § 23, of the Illinois constitution of 1848, which was in force when the statutes on which the case depends were passed, contained this provision: 'And no private or local law which may be passed by the general assembly shall embrace more than one subject, and that shall be expressed in the title.' The act of 1867, under which the bonds were issued, was a private or local law, with the following title: 'An act to amend the articles of association of the Danville, Urbana, Bloomington & Pekin Railroad Company, and to extend the powers of, and confer a charter upon, the same.'

The parts of the act pertinent to the present inquiry are sections 1, 12, and 13. These are as follows:

'Section 1. Be it enacted by the people of the state of Illinois, represented in the general assembly, that the said corporation is hereby created a body politic and corporate under the name and style of the 'Danville, Urbana, Bloomington & Pekin Railroad Company,' etc.; and the said company is authorized and empowered to locate, construct, and complete a railroad, extending from the city of Pekin, in Tazewell county, Illinois, through, or as near as practicable, to the towns of Tremont, Mackinawtown, Concord, Bloomington, Leroy, Mount Pleasant, Mahomet, Champaign City, Urbana, and St. Joseph, to the east boundary of the state of Illinois,' etc.

'Sec. 12. To further aid in the construction of said road by said company, any incorporated town or township in counties acting under the township organization law, along the route of said road, may subscribe to the capital stock of said company in any sum not exceeding two hundred and fifty thousand dollars.

'Sec. 13. No such subscription shall be made until the question has been submitted to the legal voters of such incorporation, town, or township in which the subscription is proposed to be made; and the clerk of each of said towns or townships is hereby required, upon the presentation of a petition signed by at least ten citizens, who are legal voters and tax-payers of such town or township for which he is clerk, and in which petition the amount proposed to be subscribed shall be stated, to post up notices in at least three public places in each town or township; which notice shall be posted not less than thirty days before the day of holding of such election, notifying the legal voters of such town or township to meet at the usual place of holding elections in such town or township, or some other convenient place named in such notice, for the purpose of voting for or against such subscription: provided, that where elections may have already been held, and a majority of the legal voters of any township or incorporated town were in favor of a subscription to said railroad, then, and in that case, no other election need be had, and the amount so voted for shall be subscribed as in this act provided. And such elections are hereby declared to be legal and valid, as though this act had been in force at the time thereof, and all the provisions hereof had been complied with.'

The point now made is that the statute, so far as it undertakes to authorize municipalities to subscribe to the capital stock of the corporation, is unconstitutional, because it embraces two distinct subjects,—one the incorporation of the railroad company, and the other an enlargement of the corporate powers of municipal corporations,—the first of which alone is expressed in the title. This objection, it seems to us, is fully disposed of by the case of Supervisors of Schuyler Co. v. Rock Island & Alton R. Co., 25 Ill. 182, decided by the supreme court of Illinois in 1860. There the title was 'An act to incorporate the Rock Island & Alton Railroad Company,' and the act, besides incorporating the company, authorized counties to subscribe to the stock. As to this the court said, speaking through Chief Justice CATON: 'We think the title of this act sufficient to embrace the whole of the law, and that it is a compliance with the constitutional requirement. All the provisions of the act are appropriately designed to carry out the object of the corporation. If it was proper to authorize subscriptions to the stock, it was certainly proper to enable individuals or counties to subscribe and specify the terms and conditions on which they might subscribe, and the mode of making the subscription.'

In states where constitutional provisions like that now under consideration have been decided to be mandatory, and not directory only, it has generally been held that the requirement is satisfied if the law has but one general object, and that is clearly expressed in the title. It is enough if the body of the act is germane to the title. This is certainly the well-establed rule in Illinois, where, as was said by Mr. Justice BREESE, dissenting in O'Leary v. County of Cook, 28 Ill. 543, decided in 1862, the 'court has leaned rather in favor of the validity of private acts, when the subjects of the acts are multifarious.' In that case a provision in a law entitled 'An act to amend an act entitled 'An act to incorporate the Northwestern University," which prohibited 'the sale of spirituous liquors within four miles of the university, under a special penalty to be recovered by the county of Cook,' was held by a majority of the court not to be repugnant to this provision of the constitution; and it was said, (page 538:) 'The object of the charter was to create an institution for the education of young men, and it was competent for the legislature to embrace within it every thing which was designed to facilitate that object. Every provision which was intended to promote the well being of the institution, or its...